perfaware/part1: Support listing 0055

part1/build.bat

@@ -220,3 +220,52 @@ nasm %build_dir_listing_0052%_disassembled.asm
 
 fc /B %build_dir_listing_0052%     %build_dir_listing_0052%_disassembled     || exit /b 1
 fc /N %build_dir_listing_0052%.txt %build_dir_listing_0052%_disassembled.txt || exit /b 1
+
+REM ================================================================================================
+set listing_0053=listing_0053_add_loop_challenge
+set build_dir_listing_0053=%build_dir%\%listing_0053%
+
+copy /Y %script_dir%\%listing_0053% %build_dir% 1>NUL
+copy /Y %script_dir%\%listing_0053%.txt %build_dir% 1>NUL
+
+%build_dir%\sim8086.exe --exec --log-instruction-ptr %build_dir_listing_0053% > %build_dir_listing_0053%_disassembled.txt
+%build_dir%\sim8086.exe                              %build_dir_listing_0053% > %build_dir_listing_0053%_disassembled.asm
+
+nasm %build_dir_listing_0053%_disassembled.asm
+
+fc /B %build_dir_listing_0053%     %build_dir_listing_0053%_disassembled     || exit /b 1
+fc /N %build_dir_listing_0053%.txt %build_dir_listing_0053%_disassembled.txt || exit /b 1
+
+REM ================================================================================================
+set listing_0054=listing_0054_draw_rectangle
+set build_dir_listing_0054=%build_dir%\%listing_0054%
+
+copy /Y %script_dir%\%listing_0054% %build_dir% 1>NUL
+copy /Y %script_dir%\%listing_0054%.txt %build_dir% 1>NUL
+
+pushd %build_dir%
+%build_dir%\sim8086.exe --exec --log-instruction-ptr --dump %build_dir_listing_0054% > %build_dir_listing_0054%_disassembled.txt
+%build_dir%\sim8086.exe                                     %build_dir_listing_0054% > %build_dir_listing_0054%_disassembled.asm
+popd
+
+nasm %build_dir_listing_0054%_disassembled.asm
+
+fc /B %build_dir_listing_0054%     %build_dir_listing_0054%_disassembled     || exit /b 1
+fc /N %build_dir_listing_0054%.txt %build_dir_listing_0054%_disassembled.txt || exit /b 1
+
+REM ================================================================================================
+set listing_0055=listing_0055_challenge_rectangle
+set build_dir_listing_0055=%build_dir%\%listing_0055%
+
+copy /Y %script_dir%\%listing_0055% %build_dir% 1>NUL
+copy /Y %script_dir%\%listing_0055%.txt %build_dir% 1>NUL
+
+pushd %build_dir%
+%build_dir%\sim8086.exe --exec --log-instruction-ptr --dump %build_dir_listing_0055% > %build_dir_listing_0055%_disassembled.txt
+%build_dir%\sim8086.exe                                     %build_dir_listing_0055% > %build_dir_listing_0055%_disassembled.asm
+popd
+
+nasm %build_dir_listing_0055%_disassembled.asm
+
+fc /B %build_dir_listing_0055%     %build_dir_listing_0055%_disassembled     || exit /b 1
+fc /N %build_dir_listing_0055%.txt %build_dir_listing_0055%_disassembled.txt || exit /b 1

part1/listing_0053_add_loop_challenge.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+; ========================================================================
+;
+; (C) Copyright 2023 by Molly Rocket, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
+;
+; This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+; warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
+; arising from the use of this software.
+;
+; Please see https://computerenhance.com for further information
+;
+; ========================================================================
+
+; ========================================================================
+; LISTING 53
+; ========================================================================
+
+bits 16
+
+mov dx, 6
+mov bp, 1000
+
+mov si, 0
+init_loop_start:
+	mov word [bp + si], si
+	add si, 2
+	cmp si, dx
+	jnz init_loop_start
+
+mov bx, 0
+mov si, dx
+sub bp, 2
+add_loop_start:
+	add bx, word [bp + si]
+	sub si, 2
+	jnz add_loop_start

part1/listing_0053_add_loop_challenge.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+--- test\listing_0053_add_loop_challenge execution ---
+mov dx, 6 ; dx:0x0->0x6 ip:0x0->0x3 
+mov bp, 1000 ; bp:0x0->0x3e8 ip:0x3->0x6 
+mov si, 0 ; ip:0x6->0x9 
+mov word [bp+si], si ; ip:0x9->0xb 
+add si, 2 ; si:0x0->0x2 ip:0xb->0xe 
+cmp si, dx ; ip:0xe->0x10 flags:->CPAS 
+jne $-7 ; ip:0x10->0x9 
+mov word [bp+si], si ; ip:0x9->0xb 
+add si, 2 ; si:0x2->0x4 ip:0xb->0xe flags:CPAS-> 
+cmp si, dx ; ip:0xe->0x10 flags:->CAS 
+jne $-7 ; ip:0x10->0x9 
+mov word [bp+si], si ; ip:0x9->0xb 
+add si, 2 ; si:0x4->0x6 ip:0xb->0xe flags:CAS->P 
+cmp si, dx ; ip:0xe->0x10 flags:P->PZ 
+jne $-7 ; ip:0x10->0x12 
+mov bx, 0 ; ip:0x12->0x15 
+mov si, dx ; ip:0x15->0x17 
+sub bp, 2 ; bp:0x3e8->0x3e6 ip:0x17->0x1a flags:PZ-> 
+add bx, [bp+si] ; bx:0x0->0x4 ip:0x1a->0x1c 
+sub si, 2 ; si:0x6->0x4 ip:0x1c->0x1f 
+jne $-5 ; ip:0x1f->0x1a 
+add bx, [bp+si] ; bx:0x4->0x6 ip:0x1a->0x1c flags:->P 
+sub si, 2 ; si:0x4->0x2 ip:0x1c->0x1f flags:P-> 
+jne $-5 ; ip:0x1f->0x1a 
+add bx, [bp+si] ; ip:0x1a->0x1c flags:->P 
+sub si, 2 ; si:0x2->0x0 ip:0x1c->0x1f flags:P->PZ 
+jne $-5 ; ip:0x1f->0x21 
+
+Final registers:
+      bx: 0x0006 (6)
+      dx: 0x0006 (6)
+      bp: 0x03e6 (998)
+      ip: 0x0021 (33)
+   flags: PZ
+

part1/listing_0054_draw_rectangle.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+; ========================================================================
+;
+; (C) Copyright 2023 by Molly Rocket, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
+;
+; This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+; warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
+; arising from the use of this software.
+;
+; Please see https://computerenhance.com for further information
+;
+; ========================================================================
+
+; ========================================================================
+; LISTING 54
+; ========================================================================
+
+bits 16
+
+; Start image after one row, to avoid overwriting our code!
+mov bp, 64*4
+
+mov dx, 0
+y_loop_start:
+	
+	mov cx, 0
+	x_loop_start:
+		; Fill pixel
+		mov word [bp + 0], cx ; Red
+		mov word [bp + 2], dx ; Blue
+		mov byte [bp + 3], 255 ; Alpha
+			
+		; Advance pixel location
+		add bp, 4
+			
+		; Advance X coordinate and loop
+		add cx, 1
+		cmp cx, 64
+		jnz x_loop_start
+	
+	; Advance Y coordinate and loop
+	add dx, 1
+	cmp dx, 64
+	jnz y_loop_start

part1/listing_0055_challenge_rectangle.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+; ========================================================================
+;
+; (C) Copyright 2023 by Molly Rocket, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
+;
+; This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+; warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
+; arising from the use of this software.
+;
+; Please see https://computerenhance.com for further information
+;
+; ========================================================================
+
+; ========================================================================
+; LISTING 55
+; ========================================================================
+
+bits 16
+
+; Start image after one row, to avoid overwriting our code!
+mov bp, 64*4
+
+; Draw the solid rectangle red/blue/alpha
+mov dx, 64
+y_loop_start:
+	
+	mov cx, 64
+	x_loop_start:
+		mov byte [bp + 0], cl  ; Red
+		mov byte [bp + 1], 0   ; Green
+		mov byte [bp + 2], dl  ; Blue
+		mov byte [bp + 3], 255 ; Alpha
+		add bp, 4
+			
+		loop x_loop_start
+	
+	sub dx, 1
+	jnz y_loop_start
+
+; Add the line rectangle green
+mov bp, 64*4 + 4*64 + 4
+mov bx, bp
+mov cx, 62
+outline_loop_start:
+	
+	mov byte [bp + 1], 255 ; Top line
+	mov byte [bp + 61*64*4 + 1], 255 ; Bottom line
+	mov byte [bx + 1], 255 ; Left line
+	mov byte [bx + 61*4 + 1], 255 ; Right  line
+	
+	add bp, 4
+	add bx, 4*64
+			
+	loop outline_loop_start

part1/sim8086.c

@@ -231,19 +231,6 @@ void S86_PrintOpcodeMnemonicOp(S86_Opcode opcode, bool src)
     bool effective_addr = ( src && opcode.effective_addr == S86_EffectiveAddress_Src) ||
                           (!src && opcode.effective_addr == S86_EffectiveAddress_Dest);
 
-    bool wide_prefix = false;
-    if (opcode.effective_addr == S86_EffectiveAddress_Dest && opcode.effective_addr_loads_mem) {
-        if (opcode.src == S86_MnemonicOp_DirectAddress ||
-            opcode.src == S86_MnemonicOp_Immediate ||
-            opcode.src == S86_MnemonicOp_Invalid ||
-            (opcode.src >= S86_MnemonicOp_AL && opcode.src <= S86_MnemonicOp_BH) ||
-            (opcode.src == S86_MnemonicOp_SI)) {
-            // TODO: Not sure why SI needs the prefix as well, but, according 
-            // to the reference decoder its being emitted here.
-            wide_prefix = (src == false); // NOTE: Only print on the dest op
-        }
-    }
-
     if (mnemonic_op == S86_MnemonicOp_Invalid)
         return;
 
@@ -252,8 +239,8 @@ void S86_PrintOpcodeMnemonicOp(S86_Opcode opcode, bool src)
     else
         S86_PrintFmt(" ");
 
-    if (wide_prefix)
-        S86_PrintFmt("%s ", opcode.wide ? "word" : "byte");
+    if (!src && opcode.word_byte_prefix != S86_WordBytePrefix_None)
+        S86_PrintFmt("%s ", opcode.word_byte_prefix == S86_WordBytePrefix_Word ? "word" : "byte");
 
     if (effective_addr && opcode.seg_reg_prefix != S86_MnemonicOp_Invalid) {
         S86_Str8 prefix = S86_MnemonicOpStr8(opcode.seg_reg_prefix);
@@ -362,7 +349,6 @@ void S86_DecodeEffectiveAddr(S86_Opcode *opcode, S86_BufferIterator *buffer_it,
 S86_Opcode S86_DecodeOpcode(S86_BufferIterator *buffer_it,
                             S86_OpDecode const *decode_table,
                             uint16_t            decode_table_size,
-                            uint16_t            opcode_index,
                             bool               *lock_prefix,
                             S86_MnemonicOp     *seg_reg)
 {
@@ -844,10 +830,14 @@ S86_Opcode S86_DecodeOpcode(S86_BufferIterator *buffer_it,
     if (op_decode_type != S86_OpDecodeType_SEGMENT)
         *seg_reg = S86_MnemonicOp_Invalid;
 
+    if (result.effective_addr == S86_EffectiveAddress_Dest && result.effective_addr_loads_mem) {
+        result.word_byte_prefix = (result.wide || result.src >= S86_MnemonicOp_AX && result.src <= S86_MnemonicOp_BX)
+            ? S86_WordBytePrefix_Word
+            : S86_WordBytePrefix_Byte;
+    }
+
     size_t buffer_end_index = buffer_it->index;
     result.byte_size        = S86_CAST(uint8_t)(buffer_end_index - buffer_start_index);
-    result.instruction_ptr  = S86_CAST(uint16_t)buffer_start_index;
-    result.index            = S86_CAST(uint16_t)opcode_index;
     S86_ASSERT(result.immediate < S86_CAST(uint16_t)-1);
     return result;
 }
@@ -858,39 +848,17 @@ typedef struct S86_MnemonicOpToRegisterFileMap {
     S86_RegisterByte  byte;              ///< The 'byte' that the mnemonic operates on (hi, lo or nil e.g. word)
 } S86_MnemonicOpToRegisterFileMap;
 
-S86_Opcode *S86_OpcodeAtInstructionPtr(S86_Opcode *opcode_array,
-                                       size_t opcode_size,
-                                       S86_Opcode *prev_opcode,
-                                       uint16_t instruction_ptr)
-{
-    S86_Opcode NIL_OPCODE = {0};
-    if (!prev_opcode)
-        prev_opcode = &NIL_OPCODE;
-
-    S86_Opcode *result = NULL;
-    if (instruction_ptr < prev_opcode->instruction_ptr) {
-        for (size_t index = prev_opcode->index - 1; !result && index < opcode_size; index--) {
-            if (opcode_array[index].instruction_ptr == instruction_ptr)
-                result = opcode_array + index;
-        }
-    } else {
-        for (size_t index = prev_opcode->index; !result && index < opcode_size; index++) {
-            if (opcode_array[index].instruction_ptr == instruction_ptr)
-                result = opcode_array + index;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
 char const CLI_ARG_EXEC[]                = "--exec";
 char const CLI_ARG_LOG_INSTRUCTION_PTR[] = "--log-instruction-ptr";
+char const CLI_ARG_DUMP[]                = "--dump";
 #define PRINT_USAGE                                                      \
     S86_PrintLnFmt("USAGE: sim8086.exe [%.*s] [%.*s] <binary asm file>", \
                    S86_ARRAY_UCOUNT(CLI_ARG_EXEC) - 1,                   \
                    CLI_ARG_EXEC,                                         \
                    S86_ARRAY_UCOUNT(CLI_ARG_LOG_INSTRUCTION_PTR) - 1,    \
-                   CLI_ARG_LOG_INSTRUCTION_PTR)
+                   CLI_ARG_LOG_INSTRUCTION_PTR,                          \
+                   S86_ARRAY_UCOUNT(CLI_ARG_DUMP) - 1,                   \
+                   CLI_ARG_DUMP)
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
     // NOTE: Argument handling
@@ -902,9 +870,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
     S86_Str8 CLI_ARG_EXEC_STR8                = (S86_Str8){(char *)CLI_ARG_EXEC, S86_ARRAY_UCOUNT(CLI_ARG_EXEC) - 1};
     S86_Str8 CLI_ARG_LOG_INSTRUCTION_PTR_STR8 = (S86_Str8){(char *)CLI_ARG_LOG_INSTRUCTION_PTR, S86_ARRAY_UCOUNT(CLI_ARG_LOG_INSTRUCTION_PTR) - 1};
+    S86_Str8 CLI_ARG_DUMP_STR8                = (S86_Str8){(char *)CLI_ARG_DUMP, S86_ARRAY_UCOUNT(CLI_ARG_DUMP) - 1};
 
     bool exec_mode           = false;
     bool log_instruction_ptr = false;
+    bool dump                = false;
     S86_Str8 file_path       = {0};
     for (int arg_index = 1; arg_index < argc; arg_index++) {
         char const *arg_cstring = argv[arg_index];
@@ -913,6 +883,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
             exec_mode = true;
         } else if (S86_Str8_Equals(arg_str8, CLI_ARG_LOG_INSTRUCTION_PTR_STR8)) {
             log_instruction_ptr = true;
+        } else if (S86_Str8_Equals(arg_str8, CLI_ARG_DUMP_STR8)) {
+            dump = true;
         } else {
             if (file_path.size) {
                 S86_PrintLnFmt("ERROR: Only 1 ASM binary file is supported per invocation [file=\"%.*s\"]", S86_STR8_FMT(file_path));
@@ -1236,8 +1208,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     else
         S86_PrintLn(S86_STR8("bits 16"));
 
+    uint32_t const S86_MEMORY_SIZE = 1024 * 1024;
     S86_RegisterFile register_file = {0};
-    uint8_t *memory                = VirtualAlloc(0, 1024 * 1024, MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
+    uint8_t *memory                = VirtualAlloc(0, S86_MEMORY_SIZE, MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
+    memcpy(memory, buffer.data, buffer.size);
 
     S86_MnemonicOpToRegisterFileMap mnemonic_op_to_register_file_map[] = {
         {.mnemonic_op = S86_MnemonicOp_AX,    .reg = &register_file.reg.file.ax, .byte = S86_RegisterByte_Nil},
@@ -1272,56 +1246,22 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
         {.mnemonic_op = S86_MnemonicOp_BP_DI, .reg = &register_file.reg.file.bp, .byte = S86_RegisterByte_Nil},
     };
 
-    // NOTE: Count opcodes, allocate then decode in 1 swoop
-    // =========================================================================
-    S86_Opcode *opcode_array = NULL;
-    uint16_t opcode_size       = 0;
-    {
-        bool           lock_prefix = false;
-        S86_MnemonicOp seg_reg     = S86_CAST(S86_MnemonicOp)0;
-        for (S86_BufferIterator it = S86_BufferIteratorInit(buffer);
-             S86_BufferIteratorHasMoreBytes(it);
-             opcode_size++) {
-            S86_DecodeOpcode(&it, DECODE_TABLE, S86_ARRAY_UCOUNT(DECODE_TABLE), opcode_size, &lock_prefix, &seg_reg);
-        }
-
-        if (opcode_size == 0)
-            return 0;
-
-        lock_prefix  = false;
-        seg_reg      = S86_CAST(S86_MnemonicOp)0;
-        opcode_array = VirtualAlloc(NULL, sizeof(*opcode_array) * opcode_size,  MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_READWRITE);
-        if (!opcode_array) {
-            S86_PrintLnFmt("ERROR: Failed to allocate memory for decoding opcode stream");
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        uint16_t opcode_index = 0;
-        for (S86_BufferIterator it = S86_BufferIteratorInit(buffer); S86_BufferIteratorHasMoreBytes(it); opcode_index++) {
-            opcode_array[opcode_index] = S86_DecodeOpcode(&it, DECODE_TABLE, S86_ARRAY_UCOUNT(DECODE_TABLE), opcode_index, &lock_prefix, &seg_reg);
-        }
-    }
-
     // NOTE: Execute the assembly
     // =========================================================================
-    for (S86_Opcode *prev_opcode = NULL, *opcode = NULL;
-         register_file.instruction_ptr < buffer.size;
-         prev_opcode = opcode) {
-        opcode = S86_OpcodeAtInstructionPtr(opcode_array,
-                                            opcode_size,
-                                            prev_opcode,
-                                            register_file.instruction_ptr);
-        if (!opcode) {
-            S86_PrintLnFmt("ERROR: Could not find opcode with matching instruction pointer, execution failed! [file=\"%.*s\", prev_ip=0x%x, ip=0x%x]",
-                           S86_STR8_FMT(file_path),
-                           prev_opcode->instruction_ptr,
-                           register_file.instruction_ptr);
-            return -1;
-        }
+    S86_Buffer instruction_buffer     = {0};
+    instruction_buffer.data           = (char *)&memory[register_file.instruction_ptr];
+    instruction_buffer.size           = buffer.size;
+    S86_BufferIterator instruction_it = S86_BufferIteratorInit(instruction_buffer);
 
-        S86_PrintOpcode(*opcode);
-        register_file.instruction_ptr += opcode->byte_size;
-        if (opcode->mnemonic == S86_Mnemonic_LOCK || opcode->mnemonic == S86_Mnemonic_SEGMENT)
+    bool lock_prefix       = false;
+    S86_MnemonicOp seg_reg = S86_CAST(S86_MnemonicOp)0;
+    for (uint16_t prev_ip = 0; register_file.instruction_ptr < buffer.size; prev_ip = register_file.instruction_ptr) {
+        instruction_it.index = register_file.instruction_ptr;
+        S86_Opcode opcode    = S86_DecodeOpcode(&instruction_it, DECODE_TABLE, S86_ARRAY_UCOUNT(DECODE_TABLE), &lock_prefix, &seg_reg);
+        S86_PrintOpcode(opcode);
+
+        register_file.instruction_ptr += opcode.byte_size;
+        if (opcode.mnemonic == S86_Mnemonic_LOCK || opcode.mnemonic == S86_Mnemonic_SEGMENT)
             continue;
 
         if (!exec_mode) {
@@ -1331,7 +1271,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
         // NOTE: Simulate instruction ==============================================================
         S86_RegisterFile prev_register_file = register_file;
-        switch (opcode->mnemonic) {
+        switch (opcode.mnemonic) {
             case S86_Mnemonic_PUSH:          /*FALLTHRU*/
             case S86_Mnemonic_POP:           /*FALLTHRU*/
             case S86_Mnemonic_XCHG:          /*FALLTHRU*/
@@ -1390,7 +1330,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
             case S86_Mnemonic_JNP_JO:        /*FALLTHRU*/
             case S86_Mnemonic_JNO:           /*FALLTHRU*/
             case S86_Mnemonic_JNS:           /*FALLTHRU*/
-            case S86_Mnemonic_LOOP:          /*FALLTHRU*/
             case S86_Mnemonic_LOOPZ_LOOPE:   /*FALLTHRU*/
             case S86_Mnemonic_JCXZ:          /*FALLTHRU*/
             case S86_Mnemonic_INT:           /*FALLTHRU*/
@@ -1411,26 +1350,27 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
             case S86_Mnemonic_MOV: {
                 uint16_t src     = 0;
-                bool     byte_op = opcode->dest >= S86_MnemonicOp_AL && opcode->dest <= S86_MnemonicOp_BH;
-                if (opcode->src == S86_MnemonicOp_Immediate) {
+                bool     byte_op = opcode.dest >= S86_MnemonicOp_AL && opcode.dest <= S86_MnemonicOp_BH;
+                if (opcode.src == S86_MnemonicOp_Immediate) {
                     if (byte_op) {
-                        S86_ASSERT(opcode->immediate < S86_CAST(uint8_t)-1);
-                        src = S86_CAST(uint8_t)opcode->immediate;
+                        S86_ASSERT(opcode.immediate < S86_CAST(uint8_t)-1);
+                        src = S86_CAST(uint8_t)opcode.immediate;
                     } else {
-                        src = S86_CAST(uint16_t)opcode->immediate;
+                        src = S86_CAST(uint16_t)opcode.immediate;
                     }
-                } else if (opcode->src == S86_MnemonicOp_DirectAddress) {
-                    S86_ASSERT(opcode->displacement >= 0);
-                    src = memory[opcode->displacement];
+                } else if (opcode.src == S86_MnemonicOp_DirectAddress) {
+                    S86_ASSERT(opcode.displacement >= 0);
+                    src = memory[opcode.displacement];
                 } else {
                     S86_MnemonicOpToRegisterFileMap const *src_map = NULL;
                     for (size_t index = 0; !src_map && index < S86_ARRAY_UCOUNT(mnemonic_op_to_register_file_map); index++) {
                         S86_MnemonicOpToRegisterFileMap const *item = mnemonic_op_to_register_file_map + index;
-                        if (item->mnemonic_op == opcode->src)
+                        if (item->mnemonic_op == opcode.src)
                             src_map = item;
                     }
 
-                    if (src_map->mnemonic_op >= S86_MnemonicOp_BX_SI && src_map->mnemonic_op <= S86_MnemonicOp_BP_DI) {
+                    if (src_map->mnemonic_op >= S86_MnemonicOp_BX_SI &&
+                        src_map->mnemonic_op <= S86_MnemonicOp_BP_DI) {
                         uint16_t address = 0;
                         if (src_map->mnemonic_op == S86_MnemonicOp_BX_SI) {
                             address = src_map->reg->word + register_file.reg.file.si.word;
@@ -1451,27 +1391,27 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
                 uint8_t *dest_lo = NULL;
                 uint8_t *dest_hi = NULL;
-                if (opcode->dest == S86_MnemonicOp_DirectAddress) {
+                if (opcode.dest == S86_MnemonicOp_DirectAddress) {
                     // NOTE: The 8086 doesn't support load to store directly 
                     // memory to memory afaict
-                    S86_ASSERT(opcode->dest != opcode->src);
-                    S86_ASSERT(opcode->displacement >= 0);
+                    S86_ASSERT(opcode.dest != opcode.src);
+                    S86_ASSERT(opcode.displacement >= 0);
 
-                    dest_lo = memory + opcode->displacement;
-                    dest_hi = byte_op ? NULL : memory + (opcode->displacement + 1);
+                    dest_lo = memory + opcode.displacement;
+                    dest_hi = byte_op ? NULL : memory + (opcode.displacement + 1);
                 } else {
                     S86_MnemonicOpToRegisterFileMap const *dest_map = NULL;
                     for (size_t index = 0; !dest_map && index < S86_ARRAY_UCOUNT(mnemonic_op_to_register_file_map); index++) {
                         S86_MnemonicOpToRegisterFileMap const *item = mnemonic_op_to_register_file_map + index;
-                        if (item->mnemonic_op == opcode->dest)
+                        if (item->mnemonic_op == opcode.dest)
                             dest_map = item;
                     }
                     S86_ASSERT(dest_map);
 
                     // NOTE: Effective address means we're store/load from memory
                     // The opcode value is the address.
-                    if (opcode->effective_addr == S86_EffectiveAddress_Dest && opcode->effective_addr_loads_mem) {
-                        uint16_t address = dest_map->reg->word + S86_CAST(uint16_t)opcode->displacement;
+                    if (opcode.effective_addr == S86_EffectiveAddress_Dest && opcode.effective_addr_loads_mem) {
+                        uint16_t address = dest_map->reg->word + S86_CAST(uint16_t)opcode.displacement;
                         if (dest_map->mnemonic_op == S86_MnemonicOp_BX_SI) {
                             address = dest_map->reg->word + register_file.reg.file.si.word;
                         } else if (dest_map->mnemonic_op == S86_MnemonicOp_BX_DI) {
@@ -1506,40 +1446,50 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                 S86_MnemonicOpToRegisterFileMap *dest_map = NULL;
                 for (size_t index = 0; !dest_map && index < S86_ARRAY_UCOUNT(mnemonic_op_to_register_file_map); index++) {
                     S86_MnemonicOpToRegisterFileMap *item = mnemonic_op_to_register_file_map + index;
-                    if (item->mnemonic_op == opcode->dest)
+                    if (item->mnemonic_op == opcode.dest)
                         dest_map = item;
                 }
                 S86_ASSERT(dest_map);
 
-                bool subtract       = opcode->mnemonic != S86_Mnemonic_ADD;
+                bool subtract       = opcode.mnemonic != S86_Mnemonic_ADD;
                 S86_Register16 dest = *dest_map->reg;
-                bool byte_op        = opcode->dest >= S86_MnemonicOp_AL && opcode->dest <= S86_MnemonicOp_BH;
+                bool byte_op        = opcode.dest >= S86_MnemonicOp_AL && opcode.dest <= S86_MnemonicOp_BH;
 
                 uint16_t src = 0;
-                if (opcode->src == S86_MnemonicOp_Immediate) {
+                if (opcode.src == S86_MnemonicOp_Immediate) {
                     if (byte_op) {
-                        S86_ASSERT(opcode->immediate < S86_CAST(uint8_t)-1);
-                        src = S86_CAST(uint8_t)opcode->immediate;
+                        S86_ASSERT(opcode.immediate < S86_CAST(uint8_t)-1);
+                        src = S86_CAST(uint8_t)opcode.immediate;
                     } else {
-                        S86_ASSERT(opcode->immediate < S86_CAST(uint16_t)-1);
-                        src = S86_CAST(uint16_t)opcode->immediate;
+                        S86_ASSERT(opcode.immediate < S86_CAST(uint16_t)-1);
+                        src = S86_CAST(uint16_t)opcode.immediate;
                     }
+                } else if (opcode.src == S86_MnemonicOp_DirectAddress) {
+                    S86_ASSERT(opcode.displacement >= 0);
+                    src = memory[opcode.displacement];
                 } else {
                     S86_MnemonicOpToRegisterFileMap const *src_map = NULL;
                     for (size_t index = 0; !src_map && index < S86_ARRAY_UCOUNT(mnemonic_op_to_register_file_map); index++) {
                         S86_MnemonicOpToRegisterFileMap const *item = mnemonic_op_to_register_file_map + index;
-                        if (item->mnemonic_op == opcode->src)
+                        if (item->mnemonic_op == opcode.src)
                             src_map = item;
                     }
 
-                    if (src_map->mnemonic_op == S86_MnemonicOp_BX_SI) {
-                        src = src_map->reg->word + register_file.reg.file.si.word;
-                    } else if (src_map->mnemonic_op == S86_MnemonicOp_BX_DI) {
-                        src = src_map->reg->word + register_file.reg.file.di.word;
-                    } else if (src_map->mnemonic_op == S86_MnemonicOp_BP_SI) {
-                        src = src_map->reg->word + register_file.reg.file.si.word;
-                    } else if (src_map->mnemonic_op == S86_MnemonicOp_BP_DI) {
-                        src = src_map->reg->word + register_file.reg.file.di.word;
+                    if (src_map->mnemonic_op >= S86_MnemonicOp_BX_SI &&
+                        src_map->mnemonic_op <= S86_MnemonicOp_BP_DI) {
+                        uint16_t address = 0;
+                        if (src_map->mnemonic_op == S86_MnemonicOp_BX_SI) {
+                            address = src_map->reg->word + register_file.reg.file.si.word;
+                        } else if (src_map->mnemonic_op == S86_MnemonicOp_BX_DI) {
+                            address = src_map->reg->word + register_file.reg.file.di.word;
+                        } else if (src_map->mnemonic_op == S86_MnemonicOp_BP_SI) {
+                            address = src_map->reg->word + register_file.reg.file.si.word;
+                        } else if (src_map->mnemonic_op == S86_MnemonicOp_BP_DI) {
+                            address = src_map->reg->word + register_file.reg.file.di.word;
+                        } else {
+                            S86_ASSERT(!"Invalid code path");
+                        }
+                        src = *(uint16_t *)&memory[address];
                     } else {
                         src = byte_op ? src_map->reg->bytes[src_map->byte] : src_map->reg->word;
                     }
@@ -1611,34 +1561,40 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                 int lo_bit_count           = _mm_popcnt_u32(S86_CAST(uint32_t)dest.bytes[S86_RegisterByte_Lo]);
                 register_file.flags.parity = lo_bit_count % 2 == 0;
                 register_file.flags.zero   = byte_op ? dest.bytes[dest_map->byte] == 0 : dest.word == 0;
-                if (opcode->mnemonic != S86_Mnemonic_CMP)
+                if (opcode.mnemonic != S86_Mnemonic_CMP)
                     *dest_map->reg = dest;
             } break;
 
             case S86_Mnemonic_JNE_JNZ: {
                 if (!register_file.flags.zero)
-                    register_file.instruction_ptr += S86_CAST(int16_t)opcode->displacement;
+                    register_file.instruction_ptr += S86_CAST(int16_t)opcode.displacement;
             } break;
 
             case S86_Mnemonic_JE_JZ: {
                 if (register_file.flags.zero)
-                    register_file.instruction_ptr += S86_CAST(int16_t)opcode->displacement;
+                    register_file.instruction_ptr += S86_CAST(int16_t)opcode.displacement;
             } break;
 
             case S86_Mnemonic_JP_JPE: {
                 if (register_file.flags.parity)
-                    register_file.instruction_ptr += S86_CAST(int16_t)opcode->displacement;
+                    register_file.instruction_ptr += S86_CAST(int16_t)opcode.displacement;
             } break;
 
             case S86_Mnemonic_JB_JNAE: {
                 if (register_file.flags.carry)
-                    register_file.instruction_ptr += S86_CAST(int16_t)opcode->displacement;
+                    register_file.instruction_ptr += S86_CAST(int16_t)opcode.displacement;
+            } break;
+
+            case S86_Mnemonic_LOOP: {
+                register_file.reg.file.cx.word -= 1;
+                if (register_file.reg.file.cx.word != 0)
+                    register_file.instruction_ptr += S86_CAST(int16_t)opcode.displacement;
             } break;
 
             case S86_Mnemonic_LOOPNZ_LOOPNE: {
                 register_file.reg.file.cx.word -= 1;
                 if (register_file.reg.file.cx.word != 0 && !register_file.flags.zero)
-                    register_file.instruction_ptr += S86_CAST(int16_t)opcode->displacement;
+                    register_file.instruction_ptr += S86_CAST(int16_t)opcode.displacement;
             } break;
         }
 
@@ -1663,7 +1619,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
         // NOTE: Instruction Pointer
         if (log_instruction_ptr)
-            S86_PrintFmt("ip:0x%x->0x%x ", opcode->instruction_ptr, register_file.instruction_ptr);
+            S86_PrintFmt("ip:0x%x->0x%x ", prev_ip, register_file.instruction_ptr);
 
         // NOTE: Flags
         if (!S86_RegisterFileFlagsEq(register_file.flags, prev_register_file.flags)) {
@@ -1747,4 +1703,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
         }
         S86_Print(S86_STR8("\n"));
     }
+
+    if (dump) {
+        char buf[1024];
+        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s_mem_dump.data", file_name);
+        S86_FileWrite(buf, memory, S86_MEMORY_SIZE);
+    }
 }

part1/sim8086.h

@@ -315,16 +315,21 @@ typedef enum S86_EffectiveAddress {
     S86_EffectiveAddress_Dest,
 } S86_EffectiveAddress;
 
+typedef enum S86_WordBytePrefix {
+    S86_WordBytePrefix_None,
+    S86_WordBytePrefix_Byte,
+    S86_WordBytePrefix_Word,
+} S86_WordBytePrefix;
+
 typedef struct S86_Opcode {
     uint8_t              byte_size;                ///< Number of bytes used to encode this opcode
-    uint16_t             instruction_ptr;          ///< The instruction pointer value at this opcode
-    uint16_t             index;                    ///< Opcode index in the opcode array this was decoded from
     S86_Mnemonic         mnemonic;                 ///< Mnemonic type
     S86_EffectiveAddress effective_addr;           ///< Src/dest op is an effective address calculation
     bool                 effective_addr_loads_mem; ///< Effective address uses '[]' notation to load address memory
     bool                 lock_prefix;              ///< Prefix the opcode with "lock" instruction
     bool                 rep_prefix;               ///< Prefix the opcode with "rep" instruction
     bool                 wide;                     ///< Opcode has the 'w' flag set
+    S86_WordBytePrefix   word_byte_prefix;         ///< Opcode has the 'word' or 'byte' prefix
     S86_MnemonicOp       src;                      ///< Source op for the mnemonic
     S86_MnemonicOp       dest;                     ///< Destination op for the mnemonic
     int32_t              displacement;             ///< Opcode has displacement/data/offset

part1/sim8086_stdlib.c

@@ -111,6 +111,42 @@ void S86_FileFree(S86_Buffer buffer)
         VirtualFree(buffer.data, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
 }
 
+bool S86_FileWrite(char const *file_path, void const *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
+{
+    bool result = false;
+
+    // NOTE: Open file
+    // =========================================================================
+    HANDLE file_handle = CreateFile(
+      /*LPCSTR                lpFileName*/ file_path,
+      /*DWORD                 dwDesiredAccess*/ GENERIC_WRITE,
+      /*DWORD                 dwShareMode*/ 0,
+      /*LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes*/ NULL,
+      /*DWORD                 dwCreationDisposition*/ CREATE_ALWAYS,
+      /*DWORD                 dwFlagsAndAttributes*/ 0,
+      /*HANDLE                hTemplateFile*/ NULL
+    );
+
+    if (file_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+        return result;
+
+    // NOTE: Write file to disk
+    // =========================================================================
+    DWORD bytes_written = 0;
+    BOOL write_file_result = WriteFile(
+      /*HANDLE       hFile*/ file_handle,
+      /*LPVOID       lpBuffer*/ buffer,
+      /*DWORD        nNumberOfBytesToWrite*/ S86_CAST(DWORD)buffer_size,
+      /*LPDWORD      lpNumberOfBytesWrite*/ &bytes_written,
+      /*LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped*/ NULL
+    );
+
+    S86_ASSERT(bytes_written == buffer_size);
+    result = write_file_result && bytes_written == buffer_size;
+    CloseHandle(file_handle);
+    return result;
+};
+
 void S86_Print(S86_Str8 string)
 {
     if (s86_globals.stdout_handle == NULL) {

part1/sim8086_stdlib.h

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ uint8_t S86_BufferIteratorNextByte(S86_BufferIterator *it);
 // ============================================================================
 S86_Buffer S86_FileRead(char const *file_path);
 void S86_FileFree(S86_Buffer buffer);
+bool S86_FileWrite(char const *file_path, void const *buffer, size_t buffer_size);
 
 // NOTE: Print
 // ============================================================================