#ifndef DQN_H
#define DQN_H

/*
	#define DQN_IMPLEMENTATION       // Enable the implementation
	#define DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION // Enable Win32 Code, but only if _WIN32 is already defined. Also requires DQN_IMPLEMENTATION.
	#define DQN_MAKE_STATIC          // Make all functions be static
	#include "dqn.h"
 */

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// HEADER
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifdef DQN_MAKE_STATIC
	#define DQN_FILE_SCOPE static
#else
	#define DQN_FILE_SCOPE
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
	#define DQN_CPP_MODE
#endif

#include <stdint.h> // For standard types
#include <float.h>
#define LOCAL_PERSIST static
#define FILE_SCOPE    static

typedef uint64_t u64;
typedef uint32_t u32;
typedef uint16_t u16;
typedef uint8_t  u8;

typedef int64_t i64;
typedef int32_t i32;
typedef int16_t i16;

typedef double f64;
typedef float  f32;

#define DQN_F32_MIN -FLT_MAX

#define DQN_TERABYTE(val) (DQN_GIGABYTE(val) * 1024LL)
#define DQN_GIGABYTE(val) (DQN_MEGABYTE(val) * 1024LL)
#define DQN_MEGABYTE(val) (DQN_KILOBYTE(val) * 1024LL)
#define DQN_KILOBYTE(val) ((val) * 1024LL)

#define DQN_ALIGN_POW_N(val, align) ((((size_t)val) + ((size_t)align-1)) & (~(size_t)(align-1)))
#define DQN_ALIGN_POW_4(val)        DQN_ALIGN_POW_N(val, 4)

#define DQN_INVALID_CODE_PATH 0
#define DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))

#define DQN_PI 3.14159265359f
#define DQN_SQUARED(x) ((x) * (x))
#define DQN_ABS(x) (((x) < 0) ? (-(x)) : (x))
#define DQN_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS(x) ((x * (DQN_PI / 180.0f)))
#define DQN_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES(x) ((x * (180.0f / DQN_PI)))

#define DQN_MAX(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (b) : (a))
#define DQN_MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define DQN_SWAP(type, a, b) do { type tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp; } while(0)

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DqnAssert
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DQN_ASSERT() & DQN_ASSERT_MSG() will hard break the program but it can be
// disabled in DqnAssertInternal() for release whilst still allowing the assert
// expressions to be evaluated and instead send diagnostics to console.

// NOTE: "## __VA_ARGS__" is a GCC hack. Zero variadic arguments won't compile
// because there will be a trailing ',' at the end. Pasting it swallows it. MSVC
// implicitly swallows the trailing comma.

// Macro returns if the result was true or not.
#define DQN_ASSERT(expr)               DqnAssertInternal(expr, __FILE__, __LINE__, #expr, NULL)
#define DQN_ASSERT_MSG(expr, msg, ...) DqnAssertInternal(expr, __FILE__, __LINE__, #expr, msg, ## __VA_ARGS__)

// Usage example. This protects code against asserts that should fire in release
// mode by still letting the expression evaluate and the ability to redirect
// the code flow to some recovery path.
#if 0
	int *mem = (int *)malloc(sizeof(*mem));
	if (DQN_ASSERT_MSG(mem, "Not enough memory for malloc")) {
	    // success
	} else {
	    // failed
	}
#endif

// Internal implementation should not be used as the macro above will handle it,
// but is required in header for visibility to external functions calling it.
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnAssertInternal(const bool result, const char *const file, const i32 lineNum,
                                      const char *const expr, const char *const msg, ...);

// Hard assert causes an immediate program break at point of assertion by trying
// to modify the 0th mem-address.
#define DQN_ASSERT_HARD(expr) if (!(expr)) { *((int *)0) = 0; }
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DqnMem - Memory
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// TODO(doyle): Use platform allocation, fallback to malloc if platform not defined
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void *DqnMem_Alloc  (size_t size);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void *DqnMem_Calloc (size_t size);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void  DqnMem_Clear  (void *memory, u8 clearValue, size_t size);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void *DqnMem_Realloc(void *memory, size_t newSize);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void  DqnMem_Free   (void *memory);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DqnMemStack - Memory Stack, For push stack/ptr memory style management
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DqnMemStack is a data structure to dynamically allocate memory in a stack
// like style. It pre-allocates a block of memory in init and sub-allocates from
// this block to take advantage of memory locality.

// When an allocation requires a larger amount of memory than available in the
// block then the MemStack will allocate a new block of sufficient size for
// you in DqnMemStack_Push(..). This _DOES_ mean that there will be wasted
// space at the end of each block and is a tradeoff for memory locality against
// optimal space usage.

// How To Use:
// 1. Create a DqnMemStack struct and pass it into an initialisation function
//    - InitWithFixedMem() allows you to pass in your own memory which is
//      converted to a memory block. This disables dynamic allocation.
//      NOTE: Space is reserved in the given memory for MemStackBlock metadata.

//    - InitWithFixedSize() allows you to to disable dynamic allocations and
//      sub-allocate from the initial MemStack allocation size only.

// 2. Use DqnMemStack_Push(..) to allocate memory for use.
//    - "Freeing" memory is dealt by creating temporary MemStacks or using the
//      BeginTempRegion and EndTempRegion functions. Specifically freeing
//      individual items is typically not generalisable in this scheme.

enum DqnMemStackFlag
{
	DqnMemStackFlag_IsNotExpandable       = (1 << 0),
	DqnMemStackFlag_IsFixedMemoryFromUser = (1 << 1), // NOTE(doyle): Required to indicate we CAN'T free this memory when free is called.
};

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Advanced API Structs
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
typedef struct DqnMemStack
{
	struct DqnMemStackBlock *block;

	u32 flags;
	i32 tempRegionCount;
	u32 byteAlign;
} DqnMemStack;

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnMemStack_InitWithFixedMem (DqnMemStack *const stack, u8 *const mem, const size_t memSize, const u32 byteAlign = 4); // Use preallocated memory, no further allocations, returns NULL on allocate if out of space
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnMemStack_InitWithFixedSize(DqnMemStack *const stack, size_t size, const bool zeroClear, const u32 byteAlign = 4); // Single allocation from platform, no further allocations, returns NULL of allocate if out of space
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnMemStack_Init             (DqnMemStack *const stack, size_t size, const bool zeroClear, const u32 byteAlign = 4); // Allocates from platform dynamically as space runs out

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void *DqnMemStack_Push          (DqnMemStack *const stack, size_t size);             // Returns NULL if out of space and stack is using fixed memory/size, or platform allocation fails.
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool  DqnMemStack_Pop           (DqnMemStack *const stack, void *ptr, size_t size);  // Frees the given ptr. It MUST be the last allocated item in the stack.
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void  DqnMemStack_Free          (DqnMemStack *const stack);                          // Frees all blocks belonging to this stack.
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool  DqnMemStack_FreeStackBlock(DqnMemStack *const stack, DqnMemStackBlock *block); // Frees the specified block, returns false if block doesn't belong, calls DqnMem_Free().
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool  DqnMemStack_FreeLastBlock (DqnMemStack *const stack);                          // Frees the last-most memory block. If last block, free that block, next allocate will attach a block.
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void  DqnMemStack_ClearCurrBlock(DqnMemStack *const stack, const bool zeroClear);    // Reset the current memory block usage to 0.

// TempMemRegion is only required for the function. Once BeginTempRegion() is called, subsequent allocation calls can be made using the original stack.
// Upon EndTempRegion() the original stack will free any additional blocks it allocated during the temp region and revert to the original
// state before BeginTempRegion() was called.
// WARNING: Any calls to Free/Clear functions in a TempRegion will invalidate and trash the stack structure.
// TODO(doyle): Look into a way of disallowing calls to free/clear in temp regions
typedef struct DqnMemStackTempRegion
{
	DqnMemStack             *stack;
	struct DqnMemStackBlock *startingBlock;
	size_t used;
} DqnMemStackTempRegion;

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnMemStackTempRegion_Begin(DqnMemStackTempRegion *region, DqnMemStack *const stack);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnMemStackTempRegion_End  (DqnMemStackTempRegion region);

#ifdef DQN_CPP_MODE
struct DqnMemStackTempRegionScoped
{
	bool isInit;
	DqnMemStackTempRegionScoped(DqnMemStack *const stack);
	~DqnMemStackTempRegionScoped();

private:
	DqnMemStackTempRegion tempMemStack;
};
#endif

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// (OPTIONAL) DqnMemStack Advanced API
// Blocks are freely modifiable if you want fine grained control. Size value and
// memory ptr should _NOT_ be modified directly, only indirectly through the
// regular API.
typedef struct DqnMemStackBlock
{
	u8     *memory;
	size_t  size;
	size_t  used;

	DqnMemStackBlock *prevBlock;
} DqnMemStackBlock;

// This is useful for forcing a new block to be used. AllocateCompatibleBlock
// will fail if the supplied stack has flags set such that the stack is not
// allowed to have new blocks.
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMemStackBlock *DqnMemStack_AllocateCompatibleBlock(const DqnMemStack *const stack, size_t size);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool              DqnMemStack_AttachBlock            (DqnMemStack *const stack, DqnMemStackBlock *const newBlock);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool              DqnMemStack_DetachBlock            (DqnMemStack *const stack, DqnMemStackBlock *const detachBlock);

// (IMPORTANT) Should only be used to free blocks that haven't been attached!
// Attached blocks should be freed using FreeStackBlock().
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnMemStack_FreeBlock(DqnMemStackBlock *block);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DqnMemAPI - Memory API, For using custom allocators
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// You only need to care about this API if you want to use custom mem-alloc
// routines in the data structures! Otherwise it has a default one to use.

// How To Use:
// 1. Implement the callback function, where DqnMemApiCallbackInfo will tell you the request.
//    - (NOTE) The callback should return the resulting data into DqnMemAPICallbackResult
// 2. Create a DqnMemAPI struct with a function ptr to your callback
//    - (OPTIONAL) Set the user context to your book-keeping/mem allocating service
// 3. Initialise any data structure that supports a DqnMemAPI with your struct.

// That's it! Done :) Of course, changing memAPI's after initialisation is
// invalid since the pointers belonging to your old routine may not be tracked
// in your new memAPI. So you're at your own discretion there.

enum DqnMemAPICallbackType
{
	DqnMemAPICallbackType_Invalid,
	DqnMemAPICallbackType_Alloc,
	DqnMemAPICallbackType_Realloc,
	DqnMemAPICallbackType_Free,
};

typedef struct DqnMemAPICallbackInfo
{
	void *userContext;
	enum DqnMemAPICallbackType type;
	union {
		struct { size_t requestSize; }; // DqnMemAPICallbackType_Alloc

		// DqnMemAPICallbackType_Free
		struct
		{
			void  *ptrToFree;
			size_t sizeToFree;
		};

		// DqnMemAPICallbackType_Realloc
		struct
		{
			size_t newRequestSize;
			void *oldMemPtr;
			size_t oldSize;
		};
	};
} DqnMemAPICallbackInfo;

typedef struct DqnMemAPICallbackResult
{
	// NOTE: CallbackResult on free has nothing to fill out for result.
	void *newMemPtr;
	enum DqnMemAPICallbackType type;
} DqnMemAPICallbackResult;

typedef void DqnMemAPI_Callback(DqnMemAPICallbackInfo info, DqnMemAPICallbackResult *result);
typedef struct DqnMemAPI
{
	DqnMemAPI_Callback *callback;
	void               *userContext;
} DqnMemAPI;

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMemAPI DqnMemAPI_DefaultUseCalloc();

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DArray - Dynamic Array
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Cplusplus mode only since it uses templates

#ifdef DQN_CPP_MODE
template <typename T>
struct DqnArray
{
	DqnMemAPI memAPI;

	u64 count;
	u64 capacity;
	T *data;
};

#if 0
template <typename T>
bool  DqnArray_Init        (DqnArray<T> *array, size_t capacity);
bool  DqnArray_Grow        (DqnArray<T> *array);
T    *DqnArray_Push        (DqnArray<T> *array, T item);
T    *DqnArray_Pop         (DqnArray<T> *array)
T    *DqnArray_Get         (DqnArray<T> *array, u64 index);
bool  DqnArray_Clear       (DqnArray<T> *array);
bool  DqnArray_Free        (DqnArray<T> *array);
bool  DqnArray_Remove      (DqnArray<T> *array, u64 index);
bool  DqnArray_RemoveStable(DqnArray<T> *array, u64 index);
#endif

FILE_SCOPE const char *const DQN_MEM_API_CALLBACK_RESULT_TYPE_INCORRECT =
    "DqnMemAPICallbackResult type is incorrect";

// Implementation taken from Milton, developed by Serge at
// https://github.com/serge-rgb/milton#license
template <typename T>
bool DqnArray_Free(DqnArray<T> *array)
{
	if (array && array->data)
	{
		// TODO(doyle): Right now we assume free always works, and it probably should?
		size_t sizeToFree = (size_t)array->capacity * sizeof(T);
		DqnMemAPICallbackInfo info = DqnMemAPICallback_InfoAskFreeInternal(
		    array->memAPI, array->data, sizeToFree);
		array->memAPI.callback(info, NULL);
		array->data = NULL;

		array->count    = 0;
		array->capacity = 0;
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

template <typename T>
bool DqnArray_Init(DqnArray<T> *array, size_t capacity,
                   DqnMemAPI memAPI = DqnMemAPI_DefaultUseCalloc())
{
	if (!array) return false;
	if (array->data) DqnArray_Free(array);

	array->memAPI       = memAPI;
	size_t allocateSize = (size_t)capacity * sizeof(T);

	DqnMemAPICallbackResult memResult = {0};
	DqnMemAPICallbackInfo info = DqnMemAPICallback_InfoAskAllocInternal(array->memAPI, allocateSize);
	array->memAPI.callback(info, &memResult);
	if (!DQN_ASSERT_MSG(memResult.type == DqnMemAPICallbackType_Alloc, DQN_MEM_API_CALLBACK_RESULT_TYPE_INCORRECT))
	{
		return false;
	}

	array->data = (T *)memResult.newMemPtr;
	if (!array->data) return false;

	array->count    = 0;
	array->capacity = capacity;
	return true;
}

template <typename T>
bool DqnArray_Grow(DqnArray<T> *array)
{
	if (!array || !array->data) return false;

	const f32 GROWTH_FACTOR = 1.2f;
	size_t newCapacity      = (size_t)(array->capacity * GROWTH_FACTOR);
	if (newCapacity == array->capacity) newCapacity++;

	size_t oldSize = (size_t)array->capacity * sizeof(T);
	size_t newSize = (size_t)newCapacity * sizeof(T);

	DqnMemAPICallbackResult memResult = {0};
	DqnMemAPICallbackInfo info = DqnMemAPICallback_InfoAskReallocInternal(
	    array->memAPI, array->data, oldSize, newSize);

	array->memAPI.callback(info, &memResult);
	if (!DQN_ASSERT_MSG(memResult.type == DqnMemAPICallbackType_Realloc,
	                    DQN_MEM_API_CALLBACK_RESULT_TYPE_INCORRECT))
	{
		return false;
	}

	if (memResult.newMemPtr)
	{
		array->data     = (T *)memResult.newMemPtr;
		array->capacity = newCapacity;
		return true;
	}
	else
	{
		return false;
	}
}

template <typename T>
T *DqnArray_Push(DqnArray<T> *array, T item)
{
	if (!array) return NULL;

	if (array->count >= array->capacity)
	{
		if (!DqnArray_Grow(array)) return NULL;
	}

	DQN_ASSERT(array->count < array->capacity);
	array->data[array->count++] = item;

	return &array->data[array->count-1];
}

template <typename T>
void DqnArray_Pop(DqnArray<T> *array)
{
	if (!array) return;
	if (array->count == 0) return;
	array->count--;

	return;
}

template <typename T>
T *DqnArray_Get(DqnArray<T> *array, u64 index)
{
	T *result = NULL;
	if (index >= 0 && index <= array->count) result = &array->data[index];
	return result;
}

template <typename T>
bool DqnArray_Clear(DqnArray<T> *array)
{
	if (array)
	{
		array->count = 0;
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

template <typename T>
bool DqnArray_Remove(DqnArray<T> *array, u64 index)
{
	if (!array) return false;
	if (index >= array->count) return false;

	bool firstElementAndOnlyElement = (index == 0 && array->count == 1);
	bool isLastElement              = (index == (array->count - 1));
	if (firstElementAndOnlyElement || isLastElement)
	{
		array->count--;
		return true;
	}

	array->data[index] = array->data[array->count - 1];
	array->count--;
	return true;
}

template <typename T>
bool DqnArray_RemoveStable(DqnArray<T> *array, u64 index)
{
	if (!array) return false;
	if (index >= array->count) return false;

	bool firstElementAndOnlyElement = (index == 0 && array->count == 1);
	bool isLastElement              = (index == (array->count - 1));
	if (firstElementAndOnlyElement || isLastElement)
	{
		array->count--;
		return true;
	}

	size_t itemToRemoveByteOffset         = (size_t)(index * sizeof(T));
	size_t oneAfterItemToRemoveByteOffset = (size_t)((index + 1) * sizeof(T));
	size_t lastItemByteOffset = (size_t)(array->count * sizeof(T));
	size_t numBytesToMove = lastItemByteOffset - oneAfterItemToRemoveByteOffset;

	u8 *bytePtr = (u8 *)array->data;
	u8 *dest    = &bytePtr[itemToRemoveByteOffset];
	u8 *src     = &bytePtr[oneAfterItemToRemoveByteOffset];
	memmove(dest, src, numBytesToMove);

	array->count--;
	return true;
}
#endif // DQN_CPP_MODE

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DqnJobQueue - Multithreaded Job Queue
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
typedef void   DqnJob_Callback(struct DqnJobQueue *const queue, void *const userData);
typedef struct DqnJob
{
	DqnJob_Callback *callback;
	void            *userData;
} DqnJob;

typedef struct DqnJobQueue
{
	DqnJob *volatile jobList;
	u32     size;

	// NOTE: Modified by main+worker threads
	u32   volatile jobToExecuteIndex;
	void *win32Semaphore;
	u32   volatile numJobsToComplete;

	// NOTE: Modified by main thread ONLY
	u32 volatile jobInsertIndex;
} DqnJobQueue;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Math
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnMath_Lerp  (f32 a, f32 t, f32 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnMath_Sqrtf (f32 a);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnMath_Clampf(f32 val, f32 min, f32 max);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Vec2
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
typedef union DqnV2 {
	struct { f32 x, y; };
	struct { f32 w, h; };
	struct { f32 min, max; };
	f32 e[2];
} DqnV2;

typedef union DqnV2i {
	struct { i32 x, y; };
	struct { i32 w, h; };
	struct { i32 min, max; };
	i32 e[2];
} DqnV2i;

// DqnV2
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_2i (i32 x, i32 y); // Typecasts 2 integers to 2 floats
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_1f (f32 xy);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_2f (f32 x, f32 y);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_V2i(DqnV2i a);

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Add     (DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Sub     (DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Scalei  (DqnV2 a, i32 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Scalef  (DqnV2 a, f32 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Hadamard(DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32   DqnV2_Dot     (DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool  DqnV2_Equals  (DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b);

DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32   DqnV2_LengthSquared(DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32   DqnV2_Length       (DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Normalise    (DqnV2 a);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool  DqnV2_Overlaps     (DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Perpendicular(DqnV2 a);

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_ConstrainToRatio(DqnV2 dim, DqnV2 ratio); // Resize the dimension to fit the aspect ratio provided. Downscale only.

#ifdef DQN_CPP_MODE
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2  operator- (DqnV2  a, DqnV2 b) { return      DqnV2_Sub     (a, b);  }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2  operator+ (DqnV2  a, DqnV2 b) { return      DqnV2_Add     (a, b);  }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2  operator* (DqnV2  a, DqnV2 b) { return      DqnV2_Hadamard(a, b);  }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2  operator* (DqnV2  a, f32   b) { return      DqnV2_Scalef  (a, b);  }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2  operator* (DqnV2  a, i32   b) { return      DqnV2_Scalei  (a, b);  }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2 &operator*=(DqnV2 &a, DqnV2 b) { return (a = DqnV2_Hadamard(a, b)); }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2 &operator*=(DqnV2 &a, f32   b) { return (a = DqnV2_Scalef  (a, b)); }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2 &operator*=(DqnV2 &a, i32   b) { return (a = DqnV2_Scalei  (a, b)); }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2 &operator-=(DqnV2 &a, DqnV2 b) { return (a = DqnV2_Sub     (a, b)); }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2 &operator+=(DqnV2 &a, DqnV2 b) { return (a = DqnV2_Add     (a, b)); }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline bool   operator==(DqnV2  a, DqnV2 b) { return      DqnV2_Equals  (a, b);  }
#endif

// DqnV2i
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_2i(i32 x, i32 y);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_2f(f32 x, f32 y); // Typecasts 2 floats to 2 integers
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_V2(DqnV2 a);

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_Add     (DqnV2i a, DqnV2i b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_Sub     (DqnV2i a, DqnV2i b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_Scalei  (DqnV2i a, i32 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_Scalef  (DqnV2i a, f32 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_Hadamard(DqnV2i a, DqnV2i b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32    DqnV2i_Dot     (DqnV2i a, DqnV2i b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool   DqnV2i_Equals  (DqnV2i a, DqnV2i b);

#ifdef DQN_CPP_MODE
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2i  operator- (DqnV2i  a, DqnV2i b) { return      DqnV2i_Sub     (a, b);  }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2i  operator+ (DqnV2i  a, DqnV2i b) { return      DqnV2i_Add     (a, b);  }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2i  operator* (DqnV2i  a, DqnV2i b) { return      DqnV2i_Hadamard(a, b);  }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2i  operator* (DqnV2i  a, f32    b) { return      DqnV2i_Scalef  (a, b);  }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2i  operator* (DqnV2i  a, i32    b) { return      DqnV2i_Scalei  (a, b);  }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2i &operator*=(DqnV2i &a, DqnV2i b) { return (a = DqnV2i_Hadamard(a, b)); }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2i &operator-=(DqnV2i &a, DqnV2i b) { return (a = DqnV2i_Sub     (a, b)); }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV2i &operator+=(DqnV2i &a, DqnV2i b) { return (a = DqnV2i_Add     (a, b)); }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline bool    operator==(DqnV2i  a, DqnV2i b) { return      DqnV2i_Equals  (a, b);  }
#endif

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Vec3
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
typedef union DqnV3
{
	struct { f32 x, y, z; };
    DqnV2 xy;

    struct { f32 r, g, b; };
	f32 e[3];
} DqnV3;

typedef union DqnV3i
{
	struct { i32 x, y, z; };
    struct { i32 r, g, b; };
	i32 e[3];
} DqnV3i;

// DqnV3
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_1f(f32 xyz);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_3f(f32 x, f32 y, f32 z);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_3i(i32 x, i32 y, i32 z); // Create a vector using ints and typecast to floats

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Add     (DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Sub     (DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Scalei  (DqnV3 a, i32 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Scalef  (DqnV3 a, f32 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Hadamard(DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32   DqnV3_Dot     (DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool  DqnV3_Equals  (DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Cross   (DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b);

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Normalise    (DqnV3 a);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32   DqnV3_Length       (DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32   DqnV3_LengthSquared(DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b);

#ifdef DQN_CPP_MODE
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV3  operator- (DqnV3  a, DqnV3 b) { return      DqnV3_Sub     (a, b);           }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV3  operator+ (DqnV3  a, DqnV3 b) { return      DqnV3_Add     (a, b);           }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV3  operator+ (DqnV3  a, f32   b) { return      DqnV3_Add     (a, DqnV3_1f(b)); }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV3  operator* (DqnV3  a, DqnV3 b) { return      DqnV3_Hadamard(a, b);           }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV3  operator* (DqnV3  a, f32   b) { return      DqnV3_Scalef  (a, b);           }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV3  operator* (DqnV3  a, i32   b) { return      DqnV3_Scalei  (a, b);           }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV3  operator/ (DqnV3  a, f32   b) { return      DqnV3_Scalef  (a, (1.0f/b));    }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV3 &operator*=(DqnV3 &a, DqnV3 b) { return (a = DqnV3_Hadamard(a, b));          }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV3 &operator*=(DqnV3 &a, f32   b) { return (a = DqnV3_Scalef  (a, b));          }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV3 &operator*=(DqnV3 &a, i32   b) { return (a = DqnV3_Scalei  (a, b));          }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV3 &operator-=(DqnV3 &a, DqnV3 b) { return (a = DqnV3_Sub     (a, b));          }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV3 &operator+=(DqnV3 &a, DqnV3 b) { return (a = DqnV3_Add     (a, b));          }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline bool   operator==(DqnV3  a, DqnV3 b) { return      DqnV3_Equals  (a, b);           }
#endif

// DqnV3i
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3i DqnV3i_3i(i32 x, i32 y, i32 z);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3i DqnV3i_3f(f32 x, f32 y, f32 z);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Vec4
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
typedef union DqnV4 {
	struct
	{
		f32 x, y, z, w;
	};
	DqnV3 xyz;
	DqnV2 xy;

	struct { f32 r, g, b, a; };
	DqnV3 rgb;

	f32    e[4];
	DqnV2 v2[2];
} DqnV4;

// Create a vector using ints and typecast to floats
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_4i(i32 x, i32 y, i32 z, f32 w);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_4f(f32 x, f32 y, f32 z, f32 w);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_V3(DqnV3 a, f32 w);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_1f(f32 xyzw);

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_Add     (DqnV4 a, DqnV4 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_Sub     (DqnV4 a, DqnV4 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_Scalef  (DqnV4 a, f32 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_Scalei  (DqnV4 a, i32 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_Hadamard(DqnV4 a, DqnV4 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32   DqnV4_Dot     (DqnV4 a, DqnV4 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool  DqnV4_Equals  (DqnV4 a, DqnV4 b);

#ifdef DQN_CPP_MODE
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV4  operator- (DqnV4  a, DqnV4 b) { return      DqnV4_Sub     (a, b);            }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV4  operator+ (DqnV4  a, DqnV4 b) { return      DqnV4_Add     (a, b);            }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV4  operator+ (DqnV4  a, f32   b) { return      DqnV4_Add     (a, DqnV4_1f(b));  }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV4  operator* (DqnV4  a, DqnV4 b) { return      DqnV4_Hadamard(a, b);            }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV4  operator* (DqnV4  a, f32   b) { return      DqnV4_Scalef  (a, b);            }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV4  operator* (DqnV4  a, i32   b) { return      DqnV4_Scalei  (a, b);            }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV4 &operator*=(DqnV4 &a, DqnV4 b) { return (a = DqnV4_Hadamard(a, b));           }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV4 &operator*=(DqnV4 &a, f32   b) { return (a = DqnV4_Scalef  (a, b));           }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV4 &operator*=(DqnV4 &a, i32   b) { return (a = DqnV4_Scalei  (a, b));           }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV4 &operator-=(DqnV4 &a, DqnV4 b) { return (a = DqnV4_Sub     (a, b));           }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline DqnV4 &operator+=(DqnV4 &a, DqnV4 b) { return (a = DqnV4_Add     (a, b));           }
DQN_FILE_SCOPE inline bool   operator==(DqnV4  a, DqnV4 b) { return      DqnV4_Equals  (a, b);            }
#endif

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 4D Matrix Mat4
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
typedef union DqnMat4
{
	// TODO(doyle): Row/column instead? More cache friendly since multiplication
	// prefers rows.
	DqnV4 col[4];
	f32   e[4][4]; // Column/row
} DqnMat4;

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Identity    ();

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Orthographic(f32 left, f32 right, f32 bottom, f32 top, f32 zNear, f32 zFar);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Perspective (f32 fovYDegrees, f32 aspectRatio, f32 zNear, f32 zFar);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_LookAt      (DqnV3 eye, DqnV3 center, DqnV3 up);

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Translate   (f32 x, f32 y, f32 z);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Rotate      (f32 radians, f32 x, f32 y, f32 z);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Scale       (f32 x, f32 y, f32 z);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_ScaleV3     (DqnV3 scale);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Mul         (DqnMat4 a, DqnMat4 b);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4   DqnMat4_MulV4       (DqnMat4 a, DqnV4 b);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Other Math
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
typedef struct DqnRect
{
	DqnV2 min;
	DqnV2 max;
} DqnRect;

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnRect DqnRect_4f       (f32 minX, f32 minY, f32 maxX, f32 maxY);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnRect DqnRect_4i       (i32 minX, i32 minY, i32 maxX, i32 maxY);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnRect DqnRect_Init     (DqnV2 origin, DqnV2 size);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void    DqnRect_GetSize2f(DqnRect rect, f32 *width, f32 *height);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void    DqnRect_GetSize2i(DqnRect rect, i32 *width, i32 *height);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2   DqnRect_GetSizeV2(DqnRect rect);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2   DqnRect_GetCenter(DqnRect rect);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnRect DqnRect_ClipRect (DqnRect rect, DqnRect clip);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnRect DqnRect_Move     (DqnRect rect, DqnV2 shift);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool    DqnRect_ContainsP(DqnRect rect, DqnV2 p);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// char String Operations
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DQN_FILE_SCOPE char  DqnChar_ToLower   (char c);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE char  DqnChar_ToUpper   (char c);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool  DqnChar_IsDigit   (char c);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool  DqnChar_IsAlpha   (char c);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool  DqnChar_IsAlphanum(char c);

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32   Dqn_strcmp(const char *a, const char *b);
// Returns the length without the null terminator
DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32   Dqn_strlen           (const char *a);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32   Dqn_strlenDelimitWith(const char *a, const char delimiter);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE char *Dqn_strncpy          (char *dest, const char *src, i32 numChars);

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool Dqn_StrReverse           (char *buf, const i32 bufSize);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32  Dqn_StrFindFirstOccurence(const char *const src, const i32 srcLen, const char *const find, const i32 findLen);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool Dqn_StrHasSubstring      (const char *const src, const i32 srcLen, const char *const find, const i32 findLen);

#define DQN_32BIT_NUM_MAX_STR_SIZE 11
#define DQN_64BIT_NUM_MAX_STR_SIZE 21
// Return the len of the derived string. If buf is NULL and or bufSize is 0 the
// function returns the required string length for the integer.
DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32   Dqn_I64ToStr(i64 value, char *const buf, const i32 bufSize);

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i64   Dqn_StrToI64(const char *const buf, const i32 bufSize);

// WARNING: Not robust, precision errors and whatnot but good enough!
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32   Dqn_StrToF32(const char *const buf, const i32 bufSize);

// Both return the number of bytes read, return 0 if invalid codepoint or UTF8
DQN_FILE_SCOPE u32 Dqn_UCSToUTF8(u32 *dest, u32 character);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE u32 Dqn_UTF8ToUCS(u32 *dest, u32 character);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// wchar String Operations
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool    DqnWChar_IsDigit(const wchar_t c);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE wchar_t DqnWChar_ToLower(const wchar_t c);

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32     Dqn_wstrlen(const wchar_t *a);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32     Dqn_wstrcmp(const wchar_t *a, const wchar_t *b);

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool    Dqn_WStrReverse(wchar_t *buf, const i32 bufSize);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32     Dqn_WStrToI32(const wchar_t *const buf, const i32 bufSize);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32     Dqn_I32ToWStr(i32 value, wchar_t *buf, i32 bufSize);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// File Operations
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
enum DqnFilePermissionFlag
{
	DqnFilePermissionFlag_Read    = (1 << 0),
	DqnFilePermissionFlag_Write   = (1 << 1),
	DqnFilePermissionFlag_Execute = (1 << 2),
	DqnFilePermissionFlag_All     = (1 << 3)
};

enum DqnFileAction
{
	// Only open file if it exists. Fails and returns false if file did not
	// exist or could not open.
	DqnFileAction_OpenOnly,

	// Try and create file. Return true if it was able to create. If it already
	// exists, this will fail.
	DqnFileAction_CreateIfNotExist,

	// Clear the file contents to zero if it exists. Fails and returns false if
	// file does not exist.
	DqnFileAction_ClearIfExist,
};

typedef struct DqnFile
{
	void   *handle;
	size_t  size;
	u32     permissionFlags;
} DqnFile;

// Open a handle to the file
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool   DqnFile_Open (const char *const path, DqnFile *const file, const u32 permissionFlags, const enum DqnFileAction action);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool   DqnFile_OpenW(const wchar_t *const path, DqnFile *const file, const u32 permissionFlags, const enum DqnFileAction action);
// File offset is the byte offset to starting writing from
DQN_FILE_SCOPE size_t DqnFile_Write(const DqnFile *const file, const u8 *const buffer, const size_t numBytesToWrite, const size_t fileOffset);

// Return the number of bytes read
DQN_FILE_SCOPE size_t DqnFile_Read (const DqnFile file, const u8 *const buffer, const size_t numBytesToRead);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void   DqnFile_Close(DqnFile *const file);

// Return an array of strings of the files in the directory in UTF-8. numFiles
// returns the number of strings read.
// This is allocated using malloc and MUST BE FREED! Can be done manually or
// using the helper function.
DQN_FILE_SCOPE char **DqnDir_Read    (char *dir, u32 *numFiles);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void   DqnDir_ReadFree(char **fileList, u32 numFiles);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Timer
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f64 DqnTime_NowInS();
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f64 DqnTime_NowInMs();

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// PCG (Permuted Congruential Generator) Random Number Generator
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
typedef struct DqnRandPCGState
{
	u64 state[2];
} DqnRandPCGState;

// Initialise the random number generator using a seed. If not given it is
// automatically created by using rdtsc. The generator is not valid until it's
// been seeded.
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnRnd_PCGInitWithSeed(DqnRandPCGState *pcg, u32 seed);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnRnd_PCGInit        (DqnRandPCGState *pcg);

// Returns a random number N between [0, 0xFFFFFFFF]
DQN_FILE_SCOPE u32  DqnRnd_PCGNext (DqnRandPCGState *pcg);
// Returns a random float N between [0.0, 1.0f]
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32  DqnRnd_PCGNextf(DqnRandPCGState *pcg);
// Returns a random integer N between [min, max]
DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32  DqnRnd_PCGRange(DqnRandPCGState *pcg, i32 min, i32 max);

#endif  /* DQN_H */

#if (defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)) && defined(DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Win32 Specific
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <Windows.h>

#define DQN_WIN32_ERROR_BOX(text, title) MessageBoxA(NULL, text, title, MB_OK);
// Out is a pointer to the buffer to receive the characters.
// outLen is the length/capacity of the out buffer
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnWin32_UTF8ToWChar (const char *const in, wchar_t *const out, const i32 outLen);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnWin32_WCharToUTF8 (const wchar_t *const in, char *const out, const i32 outLen);

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnWin32_GetClientDim     (const HWND window, LONG *width, LONG *height);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnWin32_GetRectDim       (RECT rect, LONG *width, LONG *height);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnWin32_DisplayLastError (const char *const errorPrefix);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnWin32_DisplayErrorCode (const DWORD error, const char *const errorPrefix);
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnWin32_OutputDebugString(const char *const formatStr, ...);

// buf: Filled with the path to the executable file.
// Returns the offset to the last backslash, -1 if bufLen was not large enough or buf is null.
DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32  DqnWin32_GetEXEDirectory(char *const buf, const u32 bufLen);

// numCores: numThreadsPerCore: Can be NULL, the function will just skip it.
// Uses calloc and free for querying numCores.
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnWin32_GetNumThreadsAndCores(i32 *const numCores, i32 *const numThreadsPerCore);
#endif /* DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION */

#ifndef DQN_INI_H
#define DQN_INI_H
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ini.h v1.1
// Simple ini-file reader for C/C++.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*
TODO(doyle): Make my own for fun?
Public Domain library with thanks to Mattias Gustavsson
https://github.com/mattiasgustavsson/libs/blob/master/docs/ini.md

API Documentation
ini.h is a small library for reading classic .ini files. It is a single-header
library, and does not need any .lib files or other binaries, or any build
scripts. To use it, you just include ini.h to get the API declarations. To get
the definitions, you must include ini.h from *one* single C or C++ file, and
#define the symbol `DQN_INI_IMPLEMENTATION` before you do.

Examples
Loading an ini file and retrieving values

#define DQN_INI_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "ini.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	FILE *fp = fopen("test.ini", "r");
	fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
	int size = ftell(fp);
	fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
	char *data = (char *)malloc(size + 1);
	fread(data, 1, size, fp);
	data[size] = '\0';
	fclose(fp);

	DqnIni *ini = DqnIni_Load(data);
	free(data);
	int second_index   = DqnIni_FindProperty(ini, DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION, "SecondSetting");
	char const *second = DqnIni_PropertyValue(ini, DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION, second_index);
	int section        = DqnIni_FindSection(ini, "MySection");
	int third_index    = DqnIni_FindProperty(ini, section, "ThirdSetting");
	char const *third  = DqnIni_PropertyValue(ini, section, third_index);
	DqnIni_Destroy(ini);

	return 0;
}

Creating a new ini file
#define DQN_INI_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "ini.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	DqnIni *ini = DqnInit_Create();
	DqnIni_PropertyAdd(ini, DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION, "FirstSetting", "Test");
	DqnIni_PropertyAdd(ini, DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION, "SecondSetting", "2");
	int section = DqnIni_SectionAdd(ini, "MySection");
	DqnIni_PropertyAdd(ini, section, "ThirdSetting", "Three");

	int size   = DqnIni_Save(ini, NULL, 0); // Find the size needed
	char *data = (char *)malloc(size);
	size       = DqnIni_Save(ini, data, size); // Actually save the file
	DqnIni_Destroy(ini);

	FILE *fp = fopen("test.ini", "w");
	fwrite(data, 1, size, fp);
	fclose(fp);
	free(data);

	return 0;
}
*/

#define DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION (0)
#define DQN_INI_NOT_FOUND (-1)

typedef struct DqnIni DqnIni;

DqnIni *DqnInit_Create(void *memctx);
DqnIni *DqnIni_Load  (char const *data, void *memctx);

int  DqnIni_Save   (DqnIni const *ini, char *data, int size);
void DqnIni_Destroy(DqnIni *ini);

int         DqnIni_SectionCount(DqnIni const *ini);
char const *DqnIni_SectionName (DqnIni const *ini, int section);

int         DqnIni_PropertyCount(DqnIni const *ini, int section);
char const *DqnIni_PropertyName (DqnIni const *ini, int section, int property);
char const *DqnIni_PropertyValue(DqnIni const *ini, int section, int property);

int DqnIni_FindSection (DqnIni const *ini, char const *name, int name_length);
int DqnIni_FindProperty(DqnIni const *ini, int section, char const *name, int name_length);

int  DqnIni_SectionAdd    (DqnIni *ini, char const *name, int length);
void DqnIni_PropertyAdd   (DqnIni *ini, int section, char const *name, int name_length, char const *value, int value_length);
void DqnIni_SectionRemove (DqnIni *ini, int section);
void DqnIni_PropertyRemove(DqnIni *ini, int section, int property);

void DqnIni_SectionNameSet  (DqnIni *ini, int section, char const *name, int length);
void DqnIni_PropertyNameSet (DqnIni *ini, int section, int property, char const *name, int length);
void DqnIni_PropertyValueSet(DqnIni *ini, int section, int property, char const *value, int length);

/**
Customization
-------------
There are a few different things in ini.h which are configurable by #defines.
The customizations only affect the implementation, so will only need to be
defined in the file where you have the #define DQN_INI_IMPLEMENTATION.

Note that if all customizations are utilized, ini.h will include no external
files whatsoever, which might be useful if you need full control over what code
is being built.

### Custom memory allocators

To store the internal data structures, ini.h needs to do dynamic allocation by
calling `malloc`. Programs might want to keep track of allocations done, or use
custom defined pools to allocate memory from. ini.h allows for specifying custom
memory allocation functions for `malloc` and `free`.  This is done with the
following code:

    #define DQN_INI_IMPLEMENTATION
    #define DQN_INI_MALLOC( ctx, size ) ( my_custom_malloc( ctx, size ) )
    #define DQN_INI_FREE( ctx, ptr ) ( my_custom_free( ctx, ptr ) )
    #include "ini.h"

where `my_custom_malloc` and `my_custom_free` are your own memory
allocation/deallocation functions. The `ctx` parameter is an optional parameter
of type `void*`. When `DqnInit_Create` or `DqnIni_Load` is called, you can pass
in a `memctx` parameter, which can be a pointer to anything you like, and which
will be passed through as the `ctx` parameter to every
`DQN_INI_MALLOC`/`DQN_INI_FREE` call. For example, if you are doing memory
tracking, you can pass a pointer to your tracking data as `memctx`, and in your
custom allocation/deallocation function, you can cast the `ctx` param back to
the right type, and access the tracking data.

If no custom allocator is defined, ini.h will default to `malloc` and `free`
from the C runtime library.

### Custom C runtime function
The library makes use of three additional functions from the C runtime library,
and for full flexibility, it allows you to substitute them for your own.  Here's
an example:

    #define DQN_INI_IMPLEMENTATION
    #define DQN_INI_MEMCPY( dst, src, cnt ) ( my_memcpy_func( dst, src, cnt ) )
    #define DQN_INI_STRLEN( s ) ( my_strlen_func( s ) )
    #define DQN_INI_STRICMP( s1, s2 ) ( my_stricmp_func( s1, s2 ) )
    #include "ini.h"

If no custom function is defined, ini.h will default to the C runtime library equivalent.


DqnInit_Create
----------

    DqnIni* DqnInit_Create( void* memctx )

Instantiates a new, empty ini structure, which can be manipulated with other API
calls, to fill it with data. To save it out to an ini-file string, use
`DqnIni_Save`. When no longer needed, it can be destroyed by calling
`DqnIni_Destroy`.  `memctx` is a pointer to user defined data which will be
passed through to the custom DQN_INI_MALLOC/DQN_INI_FREE calls. It can be NULL
if no user defined data is needed.


DqnIni_Load
--------

    DqnIni* DqnIni_Load( char const* data, void* memctx )

Parse the zero-terminated string `data` containing an ini-file, and create a new
DqnIni instance containing the data.  The instance can be manipulated with
other API calls to enumerate sections/properties and retrieve values. When no
longer needed, it can be destroyed by calling `DqnIni_Destroy`. `memctx` is
a pointer to user defined data which will be passed through to the custom
DQN_INI_MALLOC/DQN_INI_FREE calls. It can be NULL if no user defined data is
needed.


DqnIni_Save
--------

    int DqnIni_Save( DqnIni const* ini, char* data, int size )

Saves an ini structure as a zero-terminated ini-file string, into the specified
buffer. Returns the number of bytes written, including the zero terminator. If
`data` is NULL, nothing is written, but `DqnIni_Save` still returns the number
of bytes it would have written. If the size of `data`, as specified in the
`size` parameter, is smaller than that required, only part of the ini-file
string will be written. `DqnIni_Save` still returns the number of bytes it
would have written had the buffer been large enough.

DqnIni_Destroy
-----------

    void DqnIni_Destroy( DqnIni* ini )

Destroy an `DqnIni` instance created by calling `DqnIni_Load` or
`DqnInit_Create`, releasing the memory allocated by it. No further API calls are
valid on an `DqnIni` instance after calling `DqnIni_Destroy` on it.


DqnIni_SectionCount
-----------------

    int DqnIni_SectionCount( DqnIni const* ini )

Returns the number of sections in an ini file. There's at least one section in
an ini file (the global section), but there can be many more, each specified in
the file by the section name wrapped in square brackets [ ].


DqnIni_SectionName
----------------

    char const* DqnIni_SectionName( DqnIni const* ini, int section )

Returns the name of the section with the specified index. `section` must be
non-negative and less than the value returned by `DqnIni_SectionCount`, or
`DqnIni_SectionName` will return NULL. The defined constant
`DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION` can be used to indicate the global section.


DqnIni_PropertyCount
------------------

    int DqnIni_PropertyCount( DqnIni const* ini, int section )

Returns the number of properties belonging to the section with the specified
index. `section` must be non-negative and less than the value returned by
`DqnIni_SectionCount`, or `DqnIni_SectionName` will return 0. The defined
constant `DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION` can be used to indicate the global section.
Properties are declared in the ini-file on he format `name=value`.


DqnIni_PropertyName
-----------------

    char const* DqnIni_PropertyName( DqnIni const* ini, int section, int property )

Returns the name of the property with the specified index `property` in the
section with the specified index `section`.  `section` must be non-negative and
less than the value returned by `DqnIni_SectionCount`, and `property` must be
non-negative and less than the value returned by `DqnIni_PropertyCount`, or
`DqnIni_PropertyName` will return NULL. The defined constant
`DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION` can be used to indicate the global section.


DqnIni_PropertyValue
------------------

    char const* DqnIni_PropertyValue( DqnIni const* ini, int section, int property )

Returns the value of the property with the specified index `property` in the
section with the specified index `section`.  `section` must be non-negative and
less than the value returned by `DqnIni_SectionCount`, and `property` must be
non-negative and less than the value returned by `DqnIni_PropertyCount`, or
`DqnIni_PropertyValue` will return NULL. The defined constant
`DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION` can be used to indicate the global section.


DqnIni_FindSection
----------------

    int DqnIni_FindSection( DqnIni const* ini, char const* name, int name_length )

Finds the section with the specified name, and returns its index. `name_length`
specifies the number of characters in `name`, which does not have to be
zero-terminated. If `name_length` is zero, the length is determined
automatically, but in this case `name` has to be zero-terminated. If no section
with the specified name could be found, the value `DQN_INI_NOT_FOUND` is
returned.


DqnIni_FindProperty
-----------------

    int DqnIni_FindProperty( DqnIni const* ini, int section, char const* name, int name_length )

Finds the property with the specified name, within the section with the
specified index, and returns the index of the property. `name_length` specifies
the number of characters in `name`, which does not have to be zero-terminated.
If `name_length` is zero, the length is determined automatically, but in this
case `name` has to be zero-terminated. If no property with the specified name
could be found within the specified section, the value `DQN_INI_NOT_FOUND` is
returned.  `section` must be non-negative and less than the value returned by
`DqnIni_SectionCount`, or `DqnIni_FindProperty` will return
`DQN_INI_NOT_FOUND`. The defined constant `DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION` can be used
to indicate the global section.


DqnIni_SectionAdd
---------------

    int DqnIni_SectionAdd( DqnIni* ini, char const* name, int length )

Adds a section with the specified name, and returns the index it was added at.
There is no check done to see if a section with the specified name already
exists - multiple sections of the same name are allowed. `length` specifies the
number of characters in `name`, which does not have to be zero-terminated. If
`length` is zero, the length is determined automatically, but in this case
`name` has to be zero-terminated.


DqnIni_PropertyAdd
----------------
    
    void DqnIni_PropertyAdd( DqnIni* ini, int section, char const* name, int name_length, char const* value, int value_length )

Adds a property with the specified name and value to the specified section, and returns the index it was added at. There is no check done to see if a property
with the specified name already exists - multiple properties of the same name
are allowed. `name_length` and `value_length` specifies the number of characters
in `name` and `value`, which does not have to be zero-terminated. If
`name_length` or `value_length` is zero, the length is determined automatically,
but in this case `name`/`value` has to be zero-terminated. `section` must be
non-negative and less than the value returned by `DqnIni_SectionCount`, or the
property will not be added. The defined constant `DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION` can be
used to indicate the global section.


DqnIni_SectionRemove
------------------

    void DqnIni_SectionRemove( DqnIni* ini, int section )

Removes the section with the specified index, and all properties within it.
`section` must be non-negative and less than the value returned by
`DqnIni_SectionCount`. The defined constant `DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION` can be
used to indicate the global section. Note that removing a section will shuffle
section indices, so that section indices you may have stored will no longer
indicate the same section as it did before the remove. Use the find functions to
update your indices.


DqnIni_PropertyRemove
-------------------

    void DqnIni_PropertyRemove( DqnIni* ini, int section, int property )

Removes the property with the specified index from the specified section.
`section` must be non-negative and less than the value returned by
`DqnIni_SectionCount`, and `property` must be non-negative and less than the
value returned by `DqnIni_PropertyCount`. The defined constant
`DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION` can be used to indicate the global section. Note that
removing a property will shuffle property indices within the specified section,
so that property indices you may have stored will no longer indicate the same
property as it did before the remove. Use the find functions to update your
indices.


DqnIni_SectionNameSet
--------------------

    void DqnIni_SectionNameSet( DqnIni* ini, int section, char const* name, int length )

Change the name of the section with the specified index. `section` must be
non-negative and less than the value returned by `DqnIni_SectionCount`. The
defined constant `DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION` can be used to indicate the global
section. `length` specifies the number of characters in `name`, which does not
have to be zero-terminated. If `length` is zero, the length is determined
automatically, but in this case `name` has to be zero-terminated.


DqnIni_PropertyNameSet
---------------------

    void DqnIni_PropertyNameSet( DqnIni* ini, int section, int property, char const* name, int length )

Change the name of the property with the specified index in the specified
section. `section` must be non-negative and less than the value returned by
`DqnIni_SectionCount`, and `property` must be non-negative and less than the
value returned by `DqnIni_PropertyCount`. The defined constant
`DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION` can be used to indicate the global section.  `length`
specifies the number of characters in `name`, which does not have to be
zero-terminated. If `length` is zero, the length is determined automatically,
	but in this case `name` has to be zero-terminated.


DqnIni_PropertyValueSet
----------------------

    void DqnIni_PropertyValueSet( DqnIni* ini, int section, int property, char const* value, int length  )

Change the value of the property with the specified index in the specified
section. `section` must be non-negative and less than the value returned by
`DqnIni_SectionCount`, and `property` must be non-negative and less than the
value returned by `DqnIni_PropertyCount`. The defined constant
`DQN_INI_GLOBAL_SECTION` can be used to indicate the global section.  `length`
specifies the number of characters in `value`, which does not have to be
zero-terminated. If `length` is zero, the length is determined automatically,
	but in this case `value` has to be zero-terminated.

**/
#endif /* dqn_ini_h */

#ifndef STB_SPRINTF_H_INCLUDE
#define STB_SPRINTF_H_INCLUDE

#define STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE(name) Dqn_##name

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// STB_Sprintf renamed to Dqn_Sprintf
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*
Public Domain library originally written by Jeff Roberts at RAD Game Tools
- 2015/10/20.  Hereby placed in public domain.

API:
====
int Dqn_sprintf (char *buf, char const * fmt, ...)
int Dqn_snprintf(char *buf, int count, char const *fmt, ...)
- Convert an arg list into a buffer.
- dqn_snprintf always returns a zero-terminated string (unlike regular snprintf).

int Dqn_vsprintf (char *buf, char const *fmt, va_list va)
int Dqn_vsnprintf(char *buf, int count, char const *fmt, va_list va)
- Convert a va_list arg list into a buffer.
- dqn_vsnprintf always returns a zero-terminated string (unlike regular snprintf).

int dqn_vsprintfcb(STBSP_SPRINTFCB *callback, void *user, char *buf, char const *fmt, va_list va)
typedef char *STBSP_SPRINTFCB(char const *buf, void *user, int len);
- Convert into a buffer, calling back every STB_SPRINTF_MIN chars.
- Your callback can then copy the chars out, print them or whatever.
- This function is actually the workhorse for everything else.
- The buffer you pass in must hold at least STB_SPRINTF_MIN characters.
- You return the next buffer to use or 0 to stop converting

void dqn_set_separators(char comma, char period)
- Set the comma and period characters to use.

FLOATS/DOUBLES:
===============
This code uses a internal float->ascii conversion method that uses doubles with
error correction (double-doubles, for ~105 bits of precision).  This conversion
is round-trip perfect - that is, an atof of the values output here will give you
the bit-exact double back.

One difference is that our insignificant digits will be different than with MSVC
or GCC (but they don't match each other either).  We also don't attempt to find
the minimum length matching float (pre-MSVC15 doesn't either).

If you don't need float or doubles at all, define STB_SPRINTF_NOFLOAT and you'll
save 4K of code space.

64-BIT INTS:
============
This library also supports 64-bit integers and you can use MSVC style or GCC
style indicators (%I64d or %lld).  It supports the C99 specifiers for size_t and
ptr_diff_t (%jd %zd) as well.

EXTRAS:
=======
Like some GCCs, for integers and floats, you can use a ' (single quote)
specifier and commas will be inserted on the thousands: "%'d" on 12345 would
print 12,345.

For integers and floats, you can use a "$" specifier and the number will be
converted to float and then divided to get kilo, mega, giga or tera and then
printed, so "%$d" 1000 is "1.0 k", "%$.2d" 2536000 is "2.53 M", etc. For byte
values, use two $:s, like "%$$d" to turn 2536000 to "2.42 Mi". If you prefer
JEDEC suffixes to SI ones, use three $:s: "%$$$d" -> "2.42 M". To remove the
space between the number and the suffix, add "_" specifier: "%_$d" -> "2.53M".

In addition to octal and hexadecimal conversions, you can print integers in
binary: "%b" for 256 would print 100.
*/

#if defined(__has_feature)
	#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
		#define STBI__ASAN __attribute__((no_sanitize("address")))
	#endif
#endif

#ifndef STBI__ASAN
	#define STBI__ASAN
#endif

#ifdef STB_SPRINTF_STATIC
	#define STBSP__PUBLICDEC static
	#define STBSP__PUBLICDEF static STBI__ASAN
#else
	#ifdef __cplusplus
		#define STBSP__PUBLICDEC extern "C"
		#define STBSP__PUBLICDEF extern "C" STBI__ASAN
	#else
		#define STBSP__PUBLICDEC extern
		#define STBSP__PUBLICDEF STBI__ASAN
	#endif
#endif

#include <stdarg.h>  // for va_list()

#ifndef STB_SPRINTF_MIN
	#define STB_SPRINTF_MIN 512 // how many characters per callback
#endif
typedef char *STBSP_SPRINTFCB(char *buf, void *user, int len);

#ifndef STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE
	#define STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE(name) stbsp_##name  // define this before including if you want to change the names
#endif

STBSP__PUBLICDEF int STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE(vsprintf) (char *buf, char const *fmt, va_list va);
STBSP__PUBLICDEF int STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE(vsnprintf)(char *buf, int count, char const *fmt, va_list va);
STBSP__PUBLICDEF int STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE(sprintf)  (char *buf, char const *fmt, ...);
STBSP__PUBLICDEF int STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE(snprintf) (char *buf, int count, char const *fmt, ...);

STBSP__PUBLICDEF int  STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE(vsprintfcb)(STBSP_SPRINTFCB* callback, void *user, char *buf, char const *fmt, va_list va);
STBSP__PUBLICDEF void STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE(set_separators)(char comma, char period);

#endif // STB_SPRINTF_H_INCLUDE

#ifdef DQN_IMPLEMENTATION
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// DQN_IMPLEMENTATION
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <math.h>   // TODO(doyle): For trigonometry functions (for now)
#include <stdlib.h> // For calloc, malloc, free
#include <string.h> // For memset

// NOTE: STB_SPRINTF modified to be included when DQN_IMPLEMENTATION defined
// #define STB_SPRINTF_IMPLEMENTATION

// NOTE: DQN_INI_IMPLEMENTATION modified to be included when DQN_IMPLEMENTATION defined
// #define DQN_INI_IMPLEMENTATION
#define DQN_INI_STRLEN(s) Dqn_strlen(s)

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Dqn Error
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#if (defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)) && defined(DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION)
#else
#include <stdio.h>
#endif

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnAssertInternal(const bool result, const char *const file, const i32 lineNum,
                                      const char *const expr, const char *const msg, ...)
{
	if (!(result))
	{
		const char *const formatStrNoMsg   = "DqnAssert() failed: %s|%d| (%s)\n";
		const char *const formatStrWithMsg = "DqnAssert() failed: %s|%d| (%s): %s\n";
		const char *const formatStr        = (msg) ? formatStrWithMsg : formatStrNoMsg;

		char userMsg[512] = {};
		if (msg)
		{
			va_list argList;
			va_start(argList, msg);
			{
				i32 numCopied = Dqn_vsprintf(userMsg, msg, argList);
				DQN_ASSERT_HARD(numCopied < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(userMsg));
			}
			va_end(argList);
		}

#if (defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)) && defined(DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION)
		DqnWin32_OutputDebugString(formatStr, file, lineNum, expr, userMsg);
#else
		printf(formatStr, file, lineNum, expr, userMsg);
#endif

		(*((i32 *)0)) = 0;
	}
	return result;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DqnMemory - Default Memory Routines
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// NOTE: All memory allocations in dqn.h go through these functions. So they can
// be rerouted fairly easily especially for platform specific mallocs.
DQN_FILE_SCOPE void *DqnMem_Alloc(size_t size)
{
	void *result = malloc(size);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void *DqnMem_Calloc(size_t size)
{
	void *result = calloc(1, size);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnMem_Clear(void *memory, u8 clearValue, size_t size)
{
	if (memory) memset(memory, clearValue, size);
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void *DqnMem_Realloc(void *memory, size_t newSize)
{
	void *result = realloc(memory, newSize);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnMem_Free(void *memory)
{
	if (memory)
	{
		free(memory);
		memory = NULL;
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DqnMemStack - Memory API, For using custom allocators
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMemStackBlock *
DqnMemStack_AllocateBlockInternal(u32 byteAlign, size_t size)
{
	size_t alignedSize = DQN_ALIGN_POW_N(size, byteAlign);
	size_t totalSize   = alignedSize + sizeof(DqnMemStackBlock) + (byteAlign -1);
	// NOTE(doyle): Total size includes another (byteAlign-1) since we also want
	// to align the base pointer to memory that we receive.

	DqnMemStackBlock *result = (DqnMemStackBlock *)DqnMem_Calloc(totalSize);
	if (!result) return NULL;

	result->memory = (u8 *)DQN_ALIGN_POW_N((u8 *)result + sizeof(*result), byteAlign);
	result->size   = alignedSize;
	result->used   = 0;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMemStackBlock *
DqnMemStack_AllocateCompatibleBlock(const DqnMemStack *const stack, size_t size)
{
	if (!stack) return NULL;
	if (stack->flags & DqnMemStackFlag_IsFixedMemoryFromUser) return NULL;
	if (stack->flags & DqnMemStackFlag_IsNotExpandable)       return NULL;

	DqnMemStackBlock *block =
	    DqnMemStack_AllocateBlockInternal(stack->byteAlign, size);
	return block;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnMemStack_AttachBlock(DqnMemStack *const stack,
                                            DqnMemStackBlock *const newBlock)
{
	if (!stack || !newBlock) return false;
	if (stack->flags & DqnMemStackFlag_IsFixedMemoryFromUser) return false;
	if (stack->flags & DqnMemStackFlag_IsNotExpandable)       return false;

	newBlock->prevBlock = stack->block;
	stack->block       = newBlock;
	return true;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnMemStack_DetachBlock(DqnMemStack *const stack,
                                            DqnMemStackBlock *const detachBlock)
{
	if (!stack || !detachBlock) return false;
	if (stack->flags & DqnMemStackFlag_IsFixedMemoryFromUser) return false;
	if (stack->flags & DqnMemStackFlag_IsNotExpandable)       return false;

	DqnMemStackBlock **blockPtr = &stack->block;
	while (*blockPtr && *blockPtr != detachBlock)
		blockPtr = &((*blockPtr)->prevBlock);

	if (*blockPtr)
	{
		*blockPtr = detachBlock->prevBlock;
		detachBlock->prevBlock = NULL;
	}
	else
	{
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}


DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnMemStack_FreeBlock(DqnMemStackBlock *block)
{
	if (!block) return;
	DqnMem_Free(block);
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnMemStack_InitWithFixedMem(DqnMemStack *const stack,
                                                  u8 *const mem,
                                                  const size_t memSize,
                                                  const u32 byteAlign)
{
	if (!stack || !mem) return false;

	if (!DQN_ASSERT_MSG(
	        memSize > sizeof(DqnMemStackBlock),
	        "memSize is insufficient to initialise a memstack, memSize: %d, requiredSize: %d",
	        memSize, sizeof(DqnMemStackBlock)))
	{
		return false;
	}

	stack->block            = (DqnMemStackBlock *)mem;
	stack->block->memory    = mem + sizeof(DqnMemStackBlock);
	stack->block->used      = 0;
	stack->block->size      = memSize - sizeof(DqnMemStackBlock);
	stack->block->prevBlock = NULL;
	stack->flags = (DqnMemStackFlag_IsFixedMemoryFromUser | DqnMemStackFlag_IsNotExpandable);

	const u32 DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT = 4;
	stack->tempRegionCount     = 0;
	stack->byteAlign = (byteAlign == 0) ? DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT : byteAlign;
	return true;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnMemStack_Init(DqnMemStack *const stack, size_t size,
                                      const bool zeroClear,
                                      const u32 byteAlign)
{
	if (!stack || size <= 0) return false;
	if (!DQN_ASSERT_MSG(!stack->block, "MemStack has pre-existing block already attached"))
		return false;

	stack->block = DqnMemStack_AllocateBlockInternal(byteAlign, size);
	if (!DQN_ASSERT_MSG(stack->block, "MemStack failed to allocate block, not enough memory"))
		return false;

	stack->tempRegionCount = 0;
	stack->byteAlign       = byteAlign;
	stack->flags           = 0;
	return true;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnMemStack_InitWithFixedSize(DqnMemStack *const stack,
                                                   size_t size,
                                                   const bool zeroClear,
                                                   const u32 byteAlign)
{
	bool result = DqnMemStack_Init(stack, size, byteAlign);
	if (result)
	{
		stack->flags |= DqnMemStackFlag_IsNotExpandable;
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void *DqnMemStack_Push(DqnMemStack *const stack, size_t size)
{
	if (!stack || size == 0) return NULL;

	size_t alignedSize = DQN_ALIGN_POW_N(size, stack->byteAlign);
	if (!stack->block ||
	    (stack->block->used + alignedSize) > stack->block->size)
	{
		size_t newBlockSize;
		// TODO(doyle): Allocate block size based on the aligned size or
		// a minimum block size? Not allocate based on the current block
		// size
		if (stack->block) newBlockSize = DQN_MAX(alignedSize, stack->block->size);
		else newBlockSize = alignedSize;

		DqnMemStackBlock *newBlock = DqnMemStack_AllocateCompatibleBlock(stack, newBlockSize);
		if (newBlock)
		{
			bool blockAttachResult = DqnMemStack_AttachBlock(stack, newBlock);
			// IMPORTANT(doyle): This should be impossible, considering that
			// AllocateCompatibleBlock checks the preconditions that the new
			// block should be able to be attached.

			// But if we somehow reach this, we need to free the block
			// otherwise memory is leaked.
			DQN_ASSERT_HARD(blockAttachResult);
		}
		else
		{
			// TODO: Better notifying to user, out of space in stack OR stack
			// is configured such that new blocks are not allowed.
			return NULL;
		}
	}

	u8 *currPointer        = stack->block->memory + stack->block->used;
	u8 *alignedResult      = (u8 *)DQN_ALIGN_POW_N(currPointer, stack->byteAlign);
	size_t alignmentOffset = (size_t)(alignedResult - currPointer);

	// NOTE(doyle): Since all stack can't change alignment once they've been
	// initialised and that the base memory ptr is already aligned, then all
	// subsequent allocations should also be aligned automatically.
	// TODO(doyle): In the future, do we want to allow arbitrary alignment PER
	// allocation, not per MemStack?
	DQN_ASSERT_HARD(alignmentOffset == 0);

	void *result = alignedResult;
	stack->block->used += (alignedSize + alignmentOffset);
	DQN_ASSERT_HARD(stack->block->used <= stack->block->size);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnMemStack_Pop(DqnMemStack *const stack, void *ptr, size_t size)
{
	if (!stack || !stack->block) return false;

	u8 *currPtr = stack->block->memory + stack->block->used;
	if (DQN_ASSERT_MSG((u8 *)ptr >= stack->block->memory && ptr < currPtr,
	                   "'ptr' to pop does not belong to current memStack attached block"))
	{
		size_t calcSize = (size_t)currPtr - (size_t)ptr;
		if (DQN_ASSERT_MSG(calcSize == size, "'ptr' was not the last item allocated to memStack"))
		{
			stack->block->used -= size;
			return true;
		}
	}

	return false;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnMemStack_FreeStackBlock(DqnMemStack *const stack, DqnMemStackBlock *block)
{
	if (!stack || !block || !stack->block) return false;
	if (stack->flags & DqnMemStackFlag_IsFixedMemoryFromUser) return false;

	DqnMemStackBlock **blockPtr = &stack->block;

	while (*blockPtr && (*blockPtr) != block)
		blockPtr = &((*blockPtr)->prevBlock);

	if (*blockPtr)
	{
		DqnMemStackBlock *blockToFree = *blockPtr;
		(*blockPtr)                    = blockToFree->prevBlock;
		DqnMem_Free(blockToFree);

		// No more blocks, then last block has been freed
		if (!stack->block) DQN_ASSERT_HARD(stack->tempRegionCount == 0);
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool
DqnMemStack_FreeLastBlock(DqnMemStack *const stack)
{
	bool result = DqnMemStack_FreeStackBlock(stack, stack->block);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnMemStack_Free(DqnMemStack *stack)
{
	if (!stack) return;

	// NOTE(doyle): User is in charge of freeing this memory, so all we need to
	// do is clear the block.
	if (stack->flags & DqnMemStackFlag_IsFixedMemoryFromUser)
	{
		DQN_ASSERT_HARD(!stack->block->prevBlock);
		DqnMemStack_ClearCurrBlock(stack, false);
		return;
	}

	while (stack->block)
		DqnMemStack_FreeLastBlock(stack);

	// After a stack is free, we reset the not expandable flag so that if we
	// allocate on an empty stack it still works.
	stack->flags &= ~DqnMemStackFlag_IsNotExpandable;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnMemStack_ClearCurrBlock(DqnMemStack *const stack,
                                                const bool zeroClear)
{
	if (!stack) return;
	if (stack->block)
	{
		stack->block->used = 0;
		if (zeroClear)
		{
			DqnMem_Clear(stack->block->memory, 0, stack->block->size);
		}
	}
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnMemStackTempRegion_Begin(DqnMemStackTempRegion *region,
                                                DqnMemStack *const stack)
{
	if (!region || !stack) return false;

	region->stack           = stack;
	region->startingBlock   = stack->block;
	region->used            = stack->block->used;

	stack->tempRegionCount++;
	return true;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnMemStackTempRegion_End(DqnMemStackTempRegion region)
{
	DqnMemStack *stack = region.stack;
	while (stack->block != region.startingBlock)
		DqnMemStack_FreeLastBlock(stack);

	if (stack->block)
	{
		DQN_ASSERT_HARD(stack->block->used >= region.used);
		stack->block->used = region.used;
	}

	stack->tempRegionCount--;
	DQN_ASSERT_HARD(stack->tempRegionCount >= 0);
}

#ifdef DQN_CPP_MODE
DqnMemStackTempRegionScoped::DqnMemStackTempRegionScoped(DqnMemStack *const stack)
{
	this->isInit = DqnMemStackTempRegion_Begin(&this->tempMemStack, stack);
	DQN_ASSERT(this->isInit);
}

DqnMemStackTempRegionScoped::~DqnMemStackTempRegionScoped()
{
	DqnMemStackTempRegion_End(this->tempMemStack);
}
#endif
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DqnMemAPI - Memory API, For using custom allocators
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
FILE_SCOPE inline DqnMemAPICallbackInfo
DqnMemAPICallback_InfoAskReallocInternal(const DqnMemAPI memAPI,
                                         void *const oldMemPtr,
                                         const size_t oldSize,
                                         const size_t newSize)
{
	DqnMemAPICallbackInfo info = {0};
	info.type           = DqnMemAPICallbackType_Realloc;
	info.userContext    = memAPI.userContext;
	info.newRequestSize = newSize;
	info.oldMemPtr      = oldMemPtr;
	info.oldSize        = oldSize;
	return info;
}

FILE_SCOPE inline DqnMemAPICallbackInfo
DqnMemAPICallback_InfoAskAllocInternal(const DqnMemAPI memAPI,
                                       const size_t size)
{
	DqnMemAPICallbackInfo info = {0};
	info.type        = DqnMemAPICallbackType_Alloc;
	info.userContext = memAPI.userContext;
	info.requestSize = size;
	return info;
}

FILE_SCOPE DqnMemAPICallbackInfo DqnMemAPICallback_InfoAskFreeInternal(
    const DqnMemAPI memAPI, void *const ptrToFree, const size_t sizeToFree)
{
	DqnMemAPICallbackInfo info = {0};
	info.type        = DqnMemAPICallbackType_Free;
	info.userContext = memAPI.userContext;
	info.ptrToFree   = ptrToFree;
	info.sizeToFree  = sizeToFree;
	return info;
}

void DqnMemAPI_ValidateCallbackInfoInternal(DqnMemAPICallbackInfo info)
{
	DQN_ASSERT_HARD(info.type != DqnMemAPICallbackType_Invalid);

	switch(info.type)
	{
		case DqnMemAPICallbackType_Alloc:
		{
			DQN_ASSERT_HARD(info.requestSize > 0);
		}
		break;

		case DqnMemAPICallbackType_Realloc:
		{
			DQN_ASSERT_HARD(info.oldSize > 0);
			DQN_ASSERT_HARD(info.requestSize > 0);
			DQN_ASSERT_HARD(info.oldMemPtr);
		}
		break;

		case DqnMemAPICallbackType_Free:
		{
			// nothing to validate
		}
		break;
	}
}

FILE_SCOPE void
DqnMemAPI_DefaultUseCallocCallbackInternal(DqnMemAPICallbackInfo info,
                                           DqnMemAPICallbackResult *result)
{
	DQN_ASSERT_HARD(!info.userContext);

	DqnMemAPI_ValidateCallbackInfoInternal(info);
	switch(info.type)
	{
		case DqnMemAPICallbackType_Alloc:
		{
			result->type = info.type;
			result->newMemPtr = DqnMem_Calloc(info.requestSize);
		}
		break;

		case DqnMemAPICallbackType_Realloc:
		{
			result->type = info.type;
			result->newMemPtr =
			    DqnMem_Realloc(info.oldMemPtr, info.newRequestSize);
		}
		break;

		case DqnMemAPICallbackType_Free:
		{
			// NOTE(doyle): We can pass in NULL as result if we're freeing since
			// there's nothing to return. But if the callback result has been
			// passed in, we can fill the type data out.
			if (result) result->type = info.type;
			DqnMem_Free(info.ptrToFree);
		}
		break;
	}
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMemAPI DqnMemAPI_DefaultUseCalloc()
{
	DqnMemAPI result   = {0};
	result.callback    = DqnMemAPI_DefaultUseCallocCallbackInternal;
	result.userContext = NULL;
	return result;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Math
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnMath_Lerp(f32 a, f32 t, f32 b)
{
	/*
	    Linear blend between two values. We having a starting point "a", and
	    the distance to "b" is defined as (b - a). Then we can say

	    a + t(b - a)

	    As our linear blend fn. We start from "a" and choosing a t from 0->1
	    will vary the value of (b - a) towards b. If we expand this, this
	    becomes

	    a + (t * b) - (a * t) == (1 - t)a + t*b
	*/
	f32 result =  a + (b - a) * t;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnMath_Sqrtf(f32 a)
{
	f32 result = sqrtf(a);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnMath_Clampf(f32 val, f32 min, f32 max)
{
	if (val < min) return min;
	if (val > max) return max;
	return val;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Vec2
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_2f(f32 x, f32 y)
{
	DqnV2 result = {0};
	result.x  = x;
	result.y  = y;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_1f(f32 xy)
{
	DqnV2 result = {0};
	result.x  = xy;
	result.y  = xy;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_2i(i32 x, i32 y)
{
	DqnV2 result = DqnV2_2f((f32)x, (f32)y);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_V2i(DqnV2i a)
{
	DqnV2 result = {0};
	result.x = (f32)a.x;
	result.y = (f32)a.y;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Add(DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b)
{
	DqnV2 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] + b.e[i];

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Sub(DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b)
{
	DqnV2 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] - b.e[i];

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Scalei(DqnV2 a, i32 b)
{
	DqnV2 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] * b;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Scalef(DqnV2 a, f32 b)
{
	DqnV2 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] * b;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Hadamard(DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b)
{
	DqnV2 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] * b.e[i];

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnV2_Dot(DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b)
{
	/*
	   DOT PRODUCT
	   Two vectors with dot product equals |a||b|cos(theta)
	   |a|   |d|
	   |b| . |e| = (ad + be + cf)
	   |c|   |f|
	 */
	f32 result = 0;
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result += (a.e[i] * b.e[i]);

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnV2_Equals(DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b)
{
	bool result = true;
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		if (a.e[i] != b.e[i]) result = false;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnV2_LengthSquared(DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b)
{
	f32 x      = b.x - a.x;
	f32 y      = b.y - a.y;
	f32 result = (DQN_SQUARED(x) + DQN_SQUARED(y));
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnV2_Length(DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b)
{
	f32 lengthSq = DqnV2_LengthSquared(a, b);
	if (lengthSq == 0) return 0;

	f32 result = DqnMath_Sqrtf(lengthSq);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Normalise(DqnV2 a)
{
	f32 magnitude = DqnV2_Length(DqnV2_2f(0, 0), a);
	if (magnitude == 0) return DqnV2_1f(0.0f);

	DqnV2 result  = DqnV2_2f(a.x, a.y);
	result        = DqnV2_Scalef(a, 1 / magnitude);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnV2_Overlaps(DqnV2 a, DqnV2 b)
{
	bool result = false;
	
	f32 lenOfA = a.max - a.min;
	f32 lenOfB = b.max - b.min;

	if (lenOfA > lenOfB)
	{
		DqnV2 tmp = a;
		a          = b;
		b          = tmp;
	}

	if ((a.min >= b.min && a.min <= b.max) ||
	    (a.max >= b.min && a.max <= b.max))
	{
		result = true;
	}

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_Perpendicular(DqnV2 a)
{
	DqnV2 result = DqnV2_2f(a.y, -a.x);
	return result;
}


DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnV2_ConstrainToRatio(DqnV2 dim, DqnV2 ratio)
{
	DqnV2 result                  = {0};
	f32 numRatioIncrementsToWidth  = (f32)(dim.w / ratio.w);
	f32 numRatioIncrementsToHeight = (f32)(dim.h / ratio.h);

	f32 leastIncrementsToSide =
	    DQN_MIN(numRatioIncrementsToHeight, numRatioIncrementsToWidth);

	result.w = (f32)(ratio.w * leastIncrementsToSide);
	result.h = (f32)(ratio.h * leastIncrementsToSide);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_2i(i32 x, i32 y)
{
	DqnV2i result = {0};
	result.x      = x;
	result.y      = y;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_2f(f32 x, f32 y)
{
	DqnV2i result = DqnV2i_2i((i32)x, (i32)y);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_V2(DqnV2 a)
{
	DqnV2i result = {0};
	result.x      = (i32)a.x;
	result.y      = (i32)a.y;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_Add(DqnV2i a, DqnV2i b)
{
	DqnV2i result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] + b.e[i];

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_Sub(DqnV2i a, DqnV2i b)
{
	DqnV2i result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] - b.e[i];

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_Scalef(DqnV2i a, f32 b)
{
	DqnV2i result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = (i32)(a.e[i] * b);

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_Scalei(DqnV2i a, i32 b)
{
	DqnV2i result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] * b;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2i DqnV2i_Hadamard(DqnV2i a, DqnV2i b)
{
	DqnV2i result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] * b.e[i];

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnV2i_Dot(DqnV2i a, DqnV2i b)
{
	/*
	   DOT PRODUCT
	   Two vectors with dot product equals |a||b|cos(theta)
	   |a|   |d|
	   |b| . |e| = (ad + be + cf)
	   |c|   |f|
	 */
	f32 result = 0;
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result += (a.e[i] * b.e[i]);

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnV2i_Equals(DqnV2i a, DqnV2i b)
{
	bool result = true;
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		if (a.e[i] != b.e[i]) result = false;
	return result;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Vec3
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_1f(f32 xyz)
{
	DqnV3 result = {xyz, xyz, xyz};
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_3f(f32 x, f32 y, f32 z)
{
	DqnV3 result = {x, y, z};
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_3i(i32 x, i32 y, i32 z)
{
	DqnV3 result = {(f32)x, (f32)y, (f32)z};
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Add(DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b)
{
	DqnV3 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] + b.e[i];

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Sub(DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b)
{
	DqnV3 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] - b.e[i];

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Scalei(DqnV3 a, i32 b)
{
	DqnV3 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] * b;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Scalef(DqnV3 a, f32 b)
{
	DqnV3 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] * b;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Hadamard(DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b)
{
	DqnV3 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] * b.e[i];

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnV3_Dot(DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b)
{
	/*
	   DOT PRODUCT
	   Two vectors with dot product equals |a||b|cos(theta)
	   |a|   |d|
	   |b| . |e| = (ad + be + cf)
	   |c|   |f|
	 */
	f32 result = 0;
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result += (a.e[i] * b.e[i]);

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnV3_Equals(DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b)
{
	bool result = true;
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		if (a.e[i] != b.e[i]) result = false;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Cross(DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b)
{
	/*
	   CROSS PRODUCT
	   Generate a perpendicular vector to the 2 vectors
	   |a|   |d|   |bf - ce|
	   |b| x |e| = |cd - af|
	   |c|   |f|   |ae - be|
	 */
	DqnV3 result = {0};
	result.e[0] = (a.e[1] * b.e[2]) - (a.e[2] * b.e[1]);
	result.e[1] = (a.e[2] * b.e[0]) - (a.e[0] * b.e[2]);
	result.e[2] = (a.e[0] * b.e[1]) - (a.e[1] * b.e[0]);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3 DqnV3_Normalise(DqnV3 a)
{
	f32 length    = DqnMath_Sqrtf(DQN_SQUARED(a.x) + DQN_SQUARED(a.y) + DQN_SQUARED(a.z));
	f32 invLength = 1 / length;
	DqnV3 result  = a * invLength;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnV3_LengthSquared(DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b)
{
	f32 x      = b.x - a.x;
	f32 y      = b.y - a.y;
	f32 z      = b.z - a.z;
	f32 result = (DQN_SQUARED(x) + DQN_SQUARED(y) + DQN_SQUARED(z));
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnV3_Length(DqnV3 a, DqnV3 b)
{
	f32 lengthSq = DqnV3_LengthSquared(a, b);
	if (lengthSq == 0) return 0;

	f32 result = DqnMath_Sqrtf(lengthSq);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3i DqnV3i_3i(i32 x, i32 y, i32 z)
{
	DqnV3i result = {x, y, z};
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV3i DqnV3i_3f(f32 x, f32 y, f32 z)
{
	DqnV3i result = {(i32)x, (i32)y, (i32)z};
	return result;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Vec4
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_4f(f32 x, f32 y, f32 z, f32 w)
{
	DqnV4 result = {x, y, z, w};
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_4i(i32 x, i32 y, i32 z, i32 w)
{
	DqnV4 result = DqnV4_4f((f32)x, (f32)y, (f32)z, (f32)w);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_V3(DqnV3 a, f32 w)
{
	DqnV4 result;
	result.xyz = a;
	result.w   = w;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_1f(f32 xyzw)
{
	DqnV4 result = {xyzw, xyzw, xyzw, xyzw};
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_Add(DqnV4 a, DqnV4 b)
{
	DqnV4 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] + b.e[i];

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_Sub(DqnV4 a, DqnV4 b)
{
	DqnV4 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] - b.e[i];

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_Scalei(DqnV4 a, i32 b)
{
	DqnV4 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] * b;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_Scalef(DqnV4 a, f32 b)
{
	DqnV4 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] * b;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnV4_Hadamard(DqnV4 a, DqnV4 b)
{
	DqnV4 result = {0};
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result.e[i] = a.e[i] * b.e[i];

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnV4_Dot(DqnV4 a, DqnV4 b)
{
	/*
	   DOT PRODUCT
	   Two vectors with dot product equals |a||b|cos(theta)
	   |a|   |d|
	   |b| . |e| = (ad + be + cf)
	   |c|   |f|
	 */
	f32 result = 0;
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		result += (a.e[i] * b.e[i]);

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnV4_Equals(DqnV4 a, DqnV4 b)
{
	bool result = true;
	for (i32 i = 0; i < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(a.e); i++)
		if (a.e[i] != b.e[i]) result = false;
	return result;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 4D Matrix Mat4
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Identity()
{
	DqnMat4 result = {0};
	result.e[0][0] = 1;
	result.e[1][1] = 1;
	result.e[2][2] = 1;
	result.e[3][3] = 1;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Orthographic(f32 left, f32 right, f32 bottom, f32 top, f32 zNear,
                                            f32 zFar)
{
	DqnMat4 result = DqnMat4_Identity();
	result.e[0][0] = +2.0f / (right - left);
	result.e[1][1] = +2.0f / (top   - bottom);
	result.e[2][2] = -2.0f / (zFar  - zNear);

	result.e[3][0] = -(right + left)   / (right - left);
	result.e[3][1] = -(top   + bottom) / (top   - bottom);
	result.e[3][2] = -(zFar  + zNear)  / (zFar  - zNear);

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Perspective(f32 fovYDegrees, f32 aspectRatio, f32 zNear, f32 zFar)
{
	f32 fovYRadians         = DQN_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS(fovYDegrees);
	f32 fovYRadiansOver2    = fovYRadians * 0.5f;
	f32 tanFovYRadiansOver2 = tanf(fovYRadiansOver2);
	f32 zNearSubZFar        = zNear - zFar;

	DqnMat4 result = DqnMat4_Identity();
	result.e[0][0] = 1.0f / (tanFovYRadiansOver2 * aspectRatio);
	result.e[1][1] = 1.0f / tanFovYRadiansOver2;
	result.e[2][2] = (zNear + zFar) / zNearSubZFar;
	result.e[2][3] = -1.0f;
	result.e[3][2] = (2.0f * zNear * zFar) / zNearSubZFar;
	result.e[3][3] = 0.0f;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_LookAt(DqnV3 eye, DqnV3 center, DqnV3 up)
{
	DqnMat4 result = {0};

	DqnV3 f = DqnV3_Normalise(DqnV3_Sub(eye, center));
	DqnV3 s = DqnV3_Normalise(DqnV3_Cross(up, f));
	DqnV3 u = DqnV3_Cross(f, s);

	result.e[0][0] = s.x;
	result.e[0][1] = u.x;
	result.e[0][2] = f.x;

	result.e[1][0] = s.y;
	result.e[1][1] = u.y;
	result.e[1][2] = f.y;

	result.e[2][0] = s.z;
	result.e[2][1] = u.z;
	result.e[2][2] = f.z;

	result.e[3][0] = DqnV3_Dot(s, eye);
	result.e[3][1] = DqnV3_Dot(u, eye);
	result.e[3][2] = -DqnV3_Dot(f, eye);
	result.e[3][3] = 1.0f;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Translate(f32 x, f32 y, f32 z)
{
	DqnMat4 result = DqnMat4_Identity();
	result.e[3][0] = x;
	result.e[3][1] = y;
	result.e[3][2] = z;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Rotate(f32 radians, f32 x, f32 y, f32 z)
{
	DqnMat4 result     = DqnMat4_Identity();
	f32 sinVal         = sinf(radians);
	f32 cosVal         = cosf(radians);
	f32 oneMinusCosVal = 1 - cosVal;

	result.e[0][0] = (DQN_SQUARED(x) * oneMinusCosVal) + cosVal;
	result.e[0][1] = (x * y          * oneMinusCosVal) + (z * sinVal);
	result.e[0][2] = (x * z          * oneMinusCosVal) - (y * sinVal);

	result.e[1][0] = (y * x          * oneMinusCosVal) - (z * sinVal);
	result.e[1][1] = (DQN_SQUARED(y) * oneMinusCosVal) + cosVal;
	result.e[1][2] = (y * z          * oneMinusCosVal) + (x * sinVal);

	result.e[2][0] = (z * x          * oneMinusCosVal) + (y * sinVal);
	result.e[2][1] = (z * y          * oneMinusCosVal) - (x * sinVal);
	result.e[2][2] = (DQN_SQUARED(z) * oneMinusCosVal) + cosVal;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Scale(f32 x, f32 y, f32 z)
{
	DqnMat4 result = {0};
	result.e[0][0] = x;
	result.e[1][1] = y;
	result.e[2][2] = z;
	result.e[3][3] = 1;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_ScaleV3(DqnV3 scale)
{
	DqnMat4 result = {0};
	result.e[0][0] = scale.x;
	result.e[1][1] = scale.y;
	result.e[2][2] = scale.z;
	result.e[3][3] = 1;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnMat4 DqnMat4_Mul(DqnMat4 a, DqnMat4 b)
{
	DqnMat4 result = {0};
	for (i32 j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
		for (i32 i = 0; i < 4; i++)
		{
			result.e[j][i] = a.e[0][i] * b.e[j][0]
			               + a.e[1][i] * b.e[j][1]
			               + a.e[2][i] * b.e[j][2]
			               + a.e[3][i] * b.e[j][3];
		}
	}

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV4 DqnMat4_MulV4(DqnMat4 a, DqnV4 b)
{
	DqnV4 result = {0};
	result.x = (a.e[0][0] * b.x) + (a.e[1][0] * b.y) + (a.e[2][0] * b.z) + (a.e[3][0] * b.w);
	result.y = (a.e[0][1] * b.x) + (a.e[1][1] * b.y) + (a.e[2][1] * b.z) + (a.e[3][1] * b.w);
	result.z = (a.e[0][2] * b.x) + (a.e[1][2] * b.y) + (a.e[2][2] * b.z) + (a.e[3][2] * b.w);
	result.w = (a.e[0][3] * b.x) + (a.e[1][3] * b.y) + (a.e[2][3] * b.z) + (a.e[3][3] * b.w);

	return result;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Rect
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnRect DqnRect_4f(f32 minX, f32 minY, f32 maxX, f32 maxY)
{
	DqnRect result = {0};
	result.min     = DqnV2_2f(minX, minY);
	result.max     = DqnV2_2f(maxX, maxY);

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnRect DqnRect_4i(i32 minX, i32 minY, i32 maxX, i32 maxY)
{
	DqnRect result = {0};
	result.min     = DqnV2_2i(minX, minY);
	result.max     = DqnV2_2i(maxX, maxY);

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnRect DqnRect_Init(DqnV2 origin, DqnV2 size)
{
	DqnRect result = {0};
	result.min      = origin;
	result.max      = DqnV2_Add(origin, size);

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnRect_GetSize2f(DqnRect rect, f32 *width, f32 *height)
{
	*width  = rect.max.x - rect.min.x;
	*height = rect.max.y - rect.min.y;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnRect_GetSize2i(DqnRect rect, i32 *width, i32 *height)
{
	*width  = (i32)(rect.max.x - rect.min.x);
	*height = (i32)(rect.max.y - rect.min.y);
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnRect_GetSizeV2(DqnRect rect)
{
	f32 width     = rect.max.x - rect.min.x;
	f32 height    = rect.max.y - rect.min.y;
	DqnV2 result  = DqnV2_2f(width, height);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnV2 DqnRect_GetCentre(DqnRect rect)
{
	f32 sumX  = rect.min.x + rect.max.x;
	f32 sumY  = rect.min.y + rect.max.y;
	DqnV2 result = DqnV2_Scalef(DqnV2_2f(sumX, sumY), 0.5f);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnRect DqnRect_ClipRect(DqnRect rect, DqnRect clip)
{
	DqnRect result = {0};
	DqnV2 clipSize = DqnRect_GetSizeV2(clip);

	result.max.x = DQN_MIN(rect.max.x, clipSize.w);
	result.max.y = DQN_MIN(rect.max.y, clipSize.h);
	result.min.x = DQN_MAX(clip.min.x, rect.min.x);
	result.min.y = DQN_MAX(clip.min.y, rect.min.y);
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE DqnRect DqnRect_Move(DqnRect rect, DqnV2 shift)
{
	DqnRect result = {0};
	result.min       = DqnV2_Add(rect.min, shift);
	result.max       = DqnV2_Add(rect.max, shift);

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnRect_ContainsP(DqnRect rect, DqnV2 p)
{
	bool outsideOfRectX = false;
	if (p.x < rect.min.x || p.x > rect.max.w)
		outsideOfRectX = true;

	bool outsideOfRectY = false;
	if (p.y < rect.min.y || p.y > rect.max.h)
		outsideOfRectY = true;

	if (outsideOfRectX || outsideOfRectY) return false;

	return true;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// char String Operations
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DQN_FILE_SCOPE char DqnChar_ToLower(char c)
{
	if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
	{
		i32 shiftOffset = 'a' - 'A';
		return (c + (char)shiftOffset);
	}

	return c;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE char DqnChar_ToUpper(char c)
{
	if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
	{
		i32 shiftOffset = 'a' - 'A';
		return (c - (char)shiftOffset);
	}

	return c;
}


DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnChar_IsDigit(char c)
{
	if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') return true;
	return false;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnChar_IsAlpha(char c)
{
	if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')) return true;
	return false;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnChar_IsAlphaNum(char c)
{
	if (DqnChar_IsAlpha(c) || DqnChar_IsDigit(c)) return true;
	return false;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32 Dqn_strcmp(const char *a, const char *b)
{
	if (!a && !b) return -1;
	if (!a) return -1;
	if (!b) return -1;

	while ((*a) == (*b))
	{
		if (!(*a)) return 0;
		a++;
		b++;
	}

	return (((*a) < (*b)) ? -1 : 1);
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32 Dqn_strlen(const char *a)
{
	i32 result = 0;
	while (a && a[result]) result++;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32 Dqn_strlenDelimitWith(const char *a, const char delimiter)
{
	i32 result = 0;
	while (a && a[result] && a[result] != delimiter) result++;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE char *Dqn_strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, i32 numChars)
{
	if (!dest) return NULL;
	if (!src)  return dest;

	for (i32 i  = 0; i < numChars; i++)
		dest[i] = src[i];

	return dest;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool Dqn_StrReverse(char *buf, const i32 bufSize)
{
	if (!buf) return false;
	i32 mid = bufSize / 2;

	for (i32 i = 0; i < mid; i++)
	{
		char tmp               = buf[i];
		buf[i]                 = buf[(bufSize - 1) - i];
		buf[(bufSize - 1) - i] = tmp;
	}

	return true;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32 Dqn_StrFindFirstOccurence(const char *const src, const i32 srcLen,
                                             const char *const find, const i32 findLen)
{
	if (!src || !find)               return -1;
	if (srcLen == 0 || findLen == 0) return -1;
	if (srcLen < findLen)            return -1;

	for (i32 indexIntoSrc = 0; indexIntoSrc < srcLen; indexIntoSrc++)
	{
		// NOTE: As we scan through, if the src string we index into becomes
		// shorter than the substring we're checking then the substring is not
		// contained in the src string.
		i32 remainingLenInSrcStr = srcLen - indexIntoSrc;
		if (remainingLenInSrcStr < findLen) break;

		const char *srcSubStr = &src[indexIntoSrc];
		i32 index = 0;
		for (;;)
		{
			if (DqnChar_ToLower(srcSubStr[index]) ==
			    DqnChar_ToLower(find[index]))
			{
				index++;
				if (index >= findLen || !find[index])
				{
					return indexIntoSrc;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	// NOTE(doyle): We have early exit, if we reach here, then the substring was
	// not found.
	return -1;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool Dqn_StrHasSubstring(const char *const src, const i32 srcLen,
                                        const char *const find, const i32 findLen)
{
	if (Dqn_StrFindFirstOccurence(src, srcLen, find, findLen) == -1)
		return false;

	return true;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32 Dqn_I64ToStr(i64 value, char *const buf, const i32 bufSize)
{
	bool validBuffer = true;
	if (!buf || bufSize == 0) validBuffer = false;

	if (value == 0)
	{
		if (validBuffer) buf[0] = '0';
		return 1;
	}
	
	i32 charIndex = 0;
	bool negative           = false;
	if (value < 0) negative = true;

	if (negative)
	{
		if (validBuffer) buf[charIndex] = '-';
		charIndex++;
	}

	bool lastDigitDecremented = false;
	i64 val = DQN_ABS(value);
	if (val < 0)
	{
		// TODO(doyle): This will occur if we are checking the smallest number
		// possible in i64 since the range of negative numbers is one more than
		// it is for positives, so ABS will fail.
		lastDigitDecremented = true;
		val                  = DQN_ABS(val - 1);
		DQN_ASSERT_HARD(val >= 0);
	}

	if (validBuffer)
	{
		if (lastDigitDecremented)
		{
			i64 rem = (val % 10) + 1;
			buf[charIndex++] = (u8)rem + '0';
			val /= 10;
		}

		while (val != 0 && charIndex < bufSize)
		{
			i64 rem          = val % 10;
			buf[charIndex++] = (u8)rem + '0';
			val /= 10;
		}

		// NOTE(doyle): If string is negative, we only want to reverse starting
		// from the second character, so we don't put the negative sign at the
		// end
		if (negative)
		{
			Dqn_StrReverse(buf + 1, charIndex - 1);
		}
		else
		{
			Dqn_StrReverse(buf, charIndex);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		while (val != 0)
		{
			i32 rem = val % 10;
			val /= 10;
			charIndex++;
		}
	}

	return charIndex;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i64 Dqn_StrToI64(const char *const buf, const i32 bufSize)
{
	if (!buf || bufSize == 0) return 0;

	i32 index       = 0;
	bool isNegative = false;
	if (buf[index] == '-' || buf[index] == '+')
	{
		if (buf[index] == '-') isNegative = true;
		index++;
	}
	else if (!DqnChar_IsDigit(buf[index]))
	{
		return 0;
	}

	i64 result = 0;
	for (i32 i = index; i < bufSize; i++)
	{
		if (DqnChar_IsDigit(buf[i]))
		{
			result *= 10;
			result += (buf[i] - '0');
		}
		else
		{
			break;
		}
	}

	if (isNegative) result *= -1;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 Dqn_StrToF32(const char *const buf, const i32 bufSize)
{
	if (!buf || bufSize == 0) return 0;

	i32 index       = 0;
	bool isNegative = false;
	if (buf[index] == '-')
	{
		index++;
		isNegative = true;
	}

	bool isPastDecimal        = false;
	i32 numDigitsAfterDecimal = 0;
	i32 rawNumber             = 0;

	f32 digitShiftValue      = 1.0f;
	f32 digitShiftMultiplier = 0.1f;
	for (i32 i = index; i < bufSize; i++)
	{
		char ch = buf[i];
		if (ch == '.')
		{
			isPastDecimal = true;
			continue;
		}
		// Handle scientific notation
		else if (ch == 'e')
		{
			bool digitShiftIsPositive = true;
			if (i < bufSize)
			{
				if (buf[i + 1] == '-') digitShiftIsPositive = false;
				DQN_ASSERT_HARD(buf[i + 1] == '-' || buf[i + 1] == '+');
				i += 2;
			}

			i32 exponentPow         = 0;
			bool scientificNotation = false;
			while (i < bufSize)
			{
				scientificNotation = true;
				char exponentCh    = buf[i];
				if (DqnChar_IsDigit(exponentCh))
				{
					exponentPow *= 10;
					exponentPow += (buf[i] - '0');
				}
				else
				{
					i = bufSize;
				}

				i++;
			}

			// NOTE(doyle): If exponent not specified but this branch occurred,
			// the float string has a malformed scientific notation in the
			// string, i.e. "e" followed by no number.
			DQN_ASSERT_HARD(scientificNotation);

			numDigitsAfterDecimal += exponentPow;
			if (digitShiftIsPositive) digitShiftMultiplier = 10.0f;
		}
		else if (DqnChar_IsDigit(ch))
		{
			numDigitsAfterDecimal += (i32)isPastDecimal;
			rawNumber *= 10;
			rawNumber += (ch - '0');
		}
		else
		{
			break;
		}
	}

	for (i32 i = 0; i < numDigitsAfterDecimal; i++)
		digitShiftValue *= digitShiftMultiplier;

	f32 result = (f32)rawNumber;
	if (numDigitsAfterDecimal > 0) result *= digitShiftValue;
	if (isNegative) result *= -1;

	return result;
}

/*
	Encoding
	The following byte sequences are used to represent a character. The sequence
	to be used depends on the UCS code number of the character:

	The extra 1's are the headers used to identify the string as a UTF-8 string.
	UCS [0x00000000, 0x0000007F] -> UTF-8 0xxxxxxx
	UCS [0x00000080, 0x000007FF] -> UTF-8 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
	UCS [0x00000800, 0x0000FFFF] -> UTF-8 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
	UCS [0x00010000, 0x001FFFFF] -> UTF-8 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
	UCS [0x00200000, 0x03FFFFFF] -> N/A   111110xx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
	UCS [0x04000000, 0x7FFFFFFF] -> N/A   1111110x 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx

	The xxx bit positions are filled with the bits of the character code number
	in binary representation. Only the shortest possible multibyte sequence
	which can represent the code number of the character can be used.

	The UCS code values 0xd800–0xdfff (UTF-16 surrogates) as well as 0xfffe and
	0xffff (UCS noncharacters) should not appear in conforming UTF-8 streams.
*/
DQN_FILE_SCOPE u32 Dqn_UCSToUTF8(u32 *dest, u32 character)
{
	if (!dest) return 0;

	u8 *bytePtr = (u8 *)dest;

	// Character is within ASCII range, so it's an ascii character
	// UTF Bit Arrangement: 0xxxxxxx
	// Character          : 0xxxxxxx
	if (character >= 0 && character < 0x80)
	{
		bytePtr[0] = (u8)character;
		return 1;
	}

	// UTF Header Bits    : 11000000 00xxxxxx
	// UTF Bit Arrangement: 000xxxxx 00xxxxxx
	// Character          : 00000xxx xxxxxxxx
	if (character < 0x800)
	{
		// Add the 2nd byte, 6 bits, OR the 0xC0 (11000000) header bits
		bytePtr[1] = (u8)((character >> 6) | 0xC0);

		// Add the 1st byte, 6 bits, plus the 0x80 (10000000) header bits
		bytePtr[0] = (u8)((character & 0x3F) | 0x80);

		return 2;
	}

	// UTF Header Bits     : 11100000 10000000 10000000
	// UTF Bit Arrangement : 0000xxxx 00xxxxxx 00xxxxxx
	// Character           : 00000000 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
	if (character < 0x10000)
	{
		// Add the 3rd byte, 4 bits, OR the 0xE0 (11100000) header bits
		bytePtr[2] = (u8)((character >> 12) | 0xE0);

		// Add the 2nd byte, 6 bits, OR the 0x80 (10000000) header bits
		bytePtr[1] = (u8)((character >> 6) | 0x80);

		// Add the 1st byte, 6 bits, plus the 0x80 (10000000) header bits
		bytePtr[0] = (u8)((character & 0x3F) | 0x80);

		return 3;
	}

	// UTF Header Bits     : 11110000 10000000 10000000 10000000
	// UTF Bit Arrangement : 00000xxx 00xxxxxx 00xxxxxx 00xxxxxx
	// Character           : 00000000 00000xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
	if (character < 0x110000)
	{
		// Add the 4th byte, 3 bits, OR the 0xF0 (11110000) header bits
		bytePtr[3] = (u8)((character >> 18) | 0xF0);

		// Add the 3rd byte, 6 bits, OR the 0x80 (10000000) header bits
		bytePtr[2] = (u8)(((character >> 12) & 0x3F) | 0x80);

		// Add the 2nd byte, 6 bits, plus the 0x80 (10000000) header bits
		bytePtr[1] = (u8)(((character >> 6) & 0x3F) | 0x80);

		// Add the 2nd byte, 6 bits, plus the 0x80 (10000000) header bits
		bytePtr[0] = (u8)((character & 0x3F) | 0x80);

		return 4;
	}

	return 0;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE u32 Dqn_UTF8ToUCS(u32 *dest, u32 character)
{
	if (!dest) return 0;

	// UTF Header Bits     : 11110000 10000000 10000000 10000000
	// UTF Bit Arrangement : 00000xxx 00xxxxxx 00xxxxxx 00xxxxxx
	// UCS                 : 00000000 00000xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
	const u32 headerBits4Bytes = 0xF0808080;
	if ((character & headerBits4Bytes) == headerBits4Bytes)
	{
		u32 utfWithoutHeader = headerBits4Bytes ^ character;

		u32 firstByte  = utfWithoutHeader & 0x3F;
		u32 secondByte = (utfWithoutHeader >> 8)  & 0x3F;
		u32 thirdByte  = (utfWithoutHeader >> 16) & 0x3F;
		u32 fourthByte = utfWithoutHeader >> 24;

		u32 result =
		    (fourthByte << 18 | thirdByte << 12 | secondByte << 6 | firstByte);
		*dest = result;

		return 4;
	}

	// UTF Header Bits     : 11100000 10000000 10000000
	// UTF Bit Arrangement : 0000xxxx 00xxxxxx 00xxxxxx
	// UCS                 : 00000000 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
	const u32 headerBits3Bytes = 0xE08080;
	if ((character & headerBits3Bytes)  == headerBits3Bytes)
	{
		u32 utfWithoutHeader = headerBits3Bytes ^ character;

		u32 firstByte  = utfWithoutHeader & 0x3F;
		u32 secondByte = (utfWithoutHeader >> 8) & 0x3F;
		u32 thirdByte  = utfWithoutHeader >> 16;

		u32 result = (thirdByte << 12 | secondByte << 6 | firstByte);
		*dest = result;

		return 3;
	}

	// UTF Header Bits    : 11000000 00xxxxxx
	// UTF Bit Arrangement: 000xxxxx 00xxxxxx
	// UCS                : 00000xxx xxxxxxxx
	const u32 headerBits2Bytes = 0xC000;
	if ((character & headerBits2Bytes) == headerBits2Bytes)
	{
		u32 utfWithoutHeader = headerBits2Bytes ^ character;

		u32 firstByte  = utfWithoutHeader & 0x3F;
		u32 secondByte = utfWithoutHeader >> 8;

		u32 result = (secondByte << 6 | firstByte);
		*dest = result;

		return 2;
	}

	// Character is within ASCII range, so it's an ascii character
	// UTF Bit Arrangement: 0xxxxxxx
	// UCS                : 0xxxxxxx
	if (character >= 0x0 && character < 0x80)
	{
		u32 firstByte = (character & 0x3F);
		*dest         = firstByte;

		return 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// wchar String Operations
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnWChar_IsDigit(const wchar_t c)
{
	if (c >= L'0' && c <= L'9') return true;
	return false;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE wchar_t DqnWChar_ToLower(const wchar_t c)
{
	if (c >= L'A' && c <= L'Z')
	{
		i32 shiftOffset = L'a' - L'A';
		return (c + (wchar_t)shiftOffset);
	}

	return c;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32 Dqn_wstrlen(const wchar_t *a)
{
	i32 result = 0;
	while (a && a[result]) result++;
	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32 Dqn_wstrcmp(const wchar_t *a, const wchar_t *b)
{
	if (!a && !b) return -1;
	if (!a) return -1;
	if (!b) return -1;

	while ((*a) == (*b))
	{
		if (!(*a)) return 0;
		a++;
		b++;
	}

	return (((*a) < (*b)) ? -1 : 1);
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool Dqn_WStrReverse(wchar_t *buf, const i32 bufSize)
{
	if (!buf) return false;
	i32 mid = bufSize / 2;

	for (i32 i = 0; i < mid; i++)
	{
		wchar_t tmp            = buf[i];
		buf[i]                 = buf[(bufSize - 1) - i];
		buf[(bufSize - 1) - i] = tmp;
	}

	return true;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32 Dqn_WStrToI32(const wchar_t *const buf, const i32 bufSize)
{
	if (!buf || bufSize == 0) return 0;

	i32 index       = 0;
	bool isNegative = false;
	if (buf[index] == L'-' || buf[index] == L'+')
	{
		if (buf[index] == L'-') isNegative = true;
		index++;
	}
	else if (!DqnWChar_IsDigit(buf[index]))
	{
		return 0;
	}

	i32 result = 0;
	for (i32 i = index; i < bufSize; i++)
	{
		if (DqnWChar_IsDigit(buf[i]))
		{
			result *= 10;
			result += (buf[i] - L'0');
		}
		else
		{
			break;
		}
	}

	if (isNegative) result *= -1;

	return result;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32 Dqn_I32ToWstr(i32 value, wchar_t *buf, i32 bufSize)
{
	if (!buf || bufSize == 0) return 0;

	if (value == 0)
	{
		buf[0] = L'0';
		return 0;
	}
	
	// NOTE(doyle): Max 32bit integer (+-)2147483647
	i32 charIndex = 0;
	bool negative           = false;
	if (value < 0) negative = true;

	if (negative) buf[charIndex++] = L'-';

	i32 val = DQN_ABS(value);
	while (val != 0 && charIndex < bufSize)
	{
		i32 rem          = val % 10;
		buf[charIndex++] = (u8)rem + '0';
		val /= 10;
	}

	// NOTE(doyle): If string is negative, we only want to reverse starting
	// from the second character, so we don't put the negative sign at the end
	if (negative)
	{
		Dqn_WStrReverse(buf + 1, charIndex - 1);
	}
	else
	{
		Dqn_WStrReverse(buf, charIndex);
	}

	return charIndex;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// File Operations
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifdef DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION
DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnWin32_UTF8ToWChar(const char *const in,
                                         wchar_t *const out, const i32 outLen)
{
	u32 result = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, in, -1, out, outLen-1);

	if (result == 0xFFFD || 0)
	{
		DQN_WIN32_ERROR_BOX("WideCharToMultiByte() failed.", NULL);
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE bool DqnWin32_WCharToUTF8(const wchar_t *const in,
                                         char *const out, const i32 outLen)
{
	u32 result =
	    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, in, -1, out, outLen, NULL, NULL);

	if (result == 0xFFFD || 0)
	{
		DQN_WIN32_ERROR_BOX("WideCharToMultiByte() failed.", NULL);
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnWin32_GetClientDim(const HWND window, LONG *width,
                                          LONG *height)
{
	RECT rect;
	GetClientRect(window, &rect);
	if (width)  *width  = rect.right - rect.left;
	if (height) *height = rect.bottom - rect.top;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnWin32_GetRectDim(RECT rect, LONG *width, LONG *height)
{
	if (width)  *width  = rect.right - rect.left;
	if (height) *height = rect.bottom - rect.top;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnWin32_DisplayLastError(const char *const errorPrefix)
{
	DWORD error         = GetLastError();
	char errorMsg[1024] = {0};
	FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
	               NULL, error, 0, errorMsg, DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(errorMsg), NULL);

	char formattedError[2048] = {0};
	Dqn_sprintf(formattedError, "%s: %s", errorPrefix, errorMsg);
	DQN_WIN32_ERROR_BOX(formattedError, NULL);
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnWin32_DisplayErrorCode(const DWORD error, const char *const errorPrefix)
{
	char errorMsg[1024] = {0};
	FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
	               NULL, error, 0, errorMsg, DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(errorMsg), NULL);

	char formattedError[2048] = {0};
	Dqn_sprintf(formattedError, "%s: %s", errorPrefix, errorMsg);
	DQN_WIN32_ERROR_BOX(formattedError, NULL);
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnWin32_OutputDebugString(const char *const formatStr, ...)
{
	char str[1024] = {0};

	va_list argList;
	va_start(argList, formatStr);
	{
		i32 numCopied = Dqn_vsprintf(str, formatStr, argList);
		DQN_ASSERT_HARD(numCopied < DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(str));
	}
	va_end(argList);

	OutputDebugString(str);
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32 DqnWin32_GetEXEDirectory(char *const buf, const u32 bufLen)
{
	if (!buf || bufLen == 0) return 0;
	u32 copiedLen = GetModuleFileName(NULL, buf, bufLen);
	if (copiedLen == bufLen) return -1;

	// NOTE: Should always work if GetModuleFileName works and we're running an
	// executable.
	i32 lastSlashIndex = 0;
	for (i32 i = copiedLen; i > 0; i--)
	{
		if (buf[i] == '\\')
		{
			lastSlashIndex = i;
			break;
		}
	}

	return lastSlashIndex;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnWin32_GetNumThreadsAndCores(i32 *const numCores, i32 *const numThreadsPerCore)
{
	if (numThreadsPerCore)
	{
		SYSTEM_INFO systemInfo;
		GetNativeSystemInfo(&systemInfo);
		*numThreadsPerCore = systemInfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;
	}

	if (numCores)
	{
		*numCores = 0;
		DWORD requiredSize    = 0;
		u8 insufficientBuffer = {0};
		GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx(
		    RelationProcessorCore, (SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX *)insufficientBuffer,
		    &requiredSize);

		u8 *rawProcInfoArray = (u8 *)DqnMem_Calloc(requiredSize);
		if (!DQN_ASSERT_MSG(rawProcInfoArray, "Calloc failed, could not allocate memory"))
		{
			return;
		}

		if (GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx(
		        RelationProcessorCore, (SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX *)rawProcInfoArray,
		        &requiredSize))
		{
			SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX *logicalProcInfo =
			    (SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX *)rawProcInfoArray;
			DWORD bytesRead = 0;

			do
			{
				// NOTE: High efficiency value has greater performance and less efficiency.
				PROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP *procInfo = &logicalProcInfo->Processor;
				u32 efficiency                   = procInfo->EfficiencyClass;
				(*numCores)++;
				DQN_ASSERT_HARD(logicalProcInfo->Relationship == RelationProcessorCore);
				DQN_ASSERT_HARD(procInfo->GroupCount == 1);

				bytesRead += logicalProcInfo->Size;
				logicalProcInfo =
				    (SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX *)((u8 *)logicalProcInfo +
				                                                logicalProcInfo->Size);
			} while (bytesRead < requiredSize);
		}
		else
		{
			DqnWin32_DisplayLastError("GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx() failed");
		}

		DqnMem_Free(rawProcInfoArray);
	}
}
#endif // DQN_WIN32_PLATFROM

FILE_SCOPE bool DqnFile_OpenInternal(const wchar_t *const path,
                                     DqnFile *const file,
                                     const u32 permissionFlags,
                                     const enum DqnFileAction action)
{
	if (!file || !path) return false;

#ifdef DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION
	DWORD win32Permission = 0;
	if (permissionFlags & DqnFilePermissionFlag_All)
	{
		win32Permission = GENERIC_ALL;
	}
	else
	{
		if (permissionFlags & DqnFilePermissionFlag_Read)    win32Permission |= GENERIC_READ;
		if (permissionFlags & DqnFilePermissionFlag_Write)   win32Permission |= GENERIC_WRITE;
		if (permissionFlags & DqnFilePermissionFlag_Execute) win32Permission |= GENERIC_EXECUTE;
	}

	DWORD win32Action = 0;
	switch (action)
	{
		// Allow fall through
		default: DQN_ASSERT(DQN_INVALID_CODE_PATH);
		case DqnFileAction_OpenOnly:         win32Action = OPEN_EXISTING; break;
		case DqnFileAction_ClearIfExist:     win32Action = TRUNCATE_EXISTING; break;
		case DqnFileAction_CreateIfNotExist: win32Action = CREATE_NEW; break;
	}

	HANDLE handle = CreateFileW(path, win32Permission, 0, NULL, win32Action,
	                            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);

	if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		return false;
	}

	LARGE_INTEGER size;
	if (GetFileSizeEx(handle, &size) == 0)
	{
		DqnWin32_DisplayLastError("GetFileSizeEx() failed");
		return false;
	}

	file->handle          = handle;
	file->size            = (size_t)size.QuadPart;
	file->permissionFlags = permissionFlags;
	return true;
#else
	DQN_ASSERT(DQN_INVALID_CODE_PATH);
	return false;
#endif
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE
bool DqnFile_OpenW(const wchar_t *const path, DqnFile *const file,
                   const u32 permissionFlags, const enum DqnFileAction action)
{
	if (!file || !path) return false;
	return DqnFile_OpenInternal(path, file, permissionFlags, action);
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE
bool DqnFile_Open(const char *const path, DqnFile *const file,
                  const u32 permissionFlags, const enum DqnFileAction action)
{
	if (!file || !path) return false;

#ifdef DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION
	wchar_t widePath[MAX_PATH] = {0};
	DqnWin32_UTF8ToWChar(path, widePath, DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(widePath));
	return DqnFile_OpenInternal(widePath, file, permissionFlags, action);
#else
	DQN_ASSERT(DQN_INVALID_CODE_PATH);
	return false;
#endif
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE size_t DqnFile_Read(const DqnFile file, const u8 *const buffer,
                                   const size_t numBytesToRead)
{
	size_t numBytesRead = 0;
#ifdef DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION
	if (file.handle && buffer)
	{
		DWORD bytesToRead = (DWORD)numBytesToRead;
		DWORD bytesRead    = 0;
		HANDLE win32Handle = file.handle;

		BOOL result = ReadFile(win32Handle, (void *)buffer, bytesToRead,
		                       &bytesRead, NULL);

		numBytesRead = (size_t)bytesRead;
		// TODO(doyle): 0 also means it is completing async, but still valid
		if (result == 0)
		{
			DQN_WIN32_ERROR_BOX("ReadFile() failed.", NULL);
		}

	}
#endif // DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION
	return numBytesRead;
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE size_t DqnFile_Write(const DqnFile *const file,
                                    const u8 *const buffer,
                                    const size_t numBytesToWrite,
                                    const size_t fileOffset)
{
	size_t numBytesWritten = 0;
	// TODO(doyle): Implement when it's needed
	if (DQN_ASSERT_MSG(fileOffset != 0, "'fileOffset' not implemented yet")) return 0;
	if (!file || !buffer) return numBytesToWrite;

#ifdef DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION
	DWORD bytesToWrite = (DWORD)numBytesToWrite;
	DWORD bytesWritten;
	BOOL result =
	    WriteFile(file->handle, buffer, bytesToWrite, &bytesWritten, NULL);

	numBytesWritten = (size_t)bytesWritten;
	// TODO(doyle): Better logging system
	if (result == 0)
	{
		DQN_WIN32_ERROR_BOX("ReadFile() failed.", NULL);
	}

#else
	DQN_ASSERT_MSG(DQN_INVALID_CODE_PATH, "Non Win32 path not implemented");
#endif

	return numBytesWritten;
}


DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnFile_Close(DqnFile *const file)
{
#ifdef DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION
	if (file && file->handle)
	{
		CloseHandle(file->handle);
		file->handle          = NULL;
		file->size            = 0;
		file->permissionFlags = 0;
	}
#else
	DQN_ASSERT_MSG(DQN_INVALID_CODE_PATH, "Non Win32 path not implemented");
#endif
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE char **DqnDir_Read(char *dir, u32 *numFiles)
{
	if (!dir) return NULL;
#ifdef DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION

	u32 currNumFiles = 0;
	wchar_t wideDir[MAX_PATH] = {0};
	DqnWin32_UTF8ToWChar(dir, wideDir, DQN_ARRAY_COUNT(wideDir));

	// Enumerate number of files first
	{
		WIN32_FIND_DATAW findData = {0};
		HANDLE findHandle = FindFirstFileW(wideDir, &findData);
		if (findHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		{
			DQN_WIN32_ERROR_BOX("FindFirstFile() failed.", NULL);
			return NULL;
		}

		bool stayInLoop = true;
		while (stayInLoop)
		{
			BOOL result = FindNextFileW(findHandle, &findData);
			if (result == 0)
			{
				DWORD error = GetLastError();
				if (error != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)
				{
					DqnWin32_DisplayErrorCode(error,
					                             "FindNextFileW() failed");
				}

				stayInLoop = false;
			}
			else
			{
				currNumFiles++;
			}
		}
		FindClose(findHandle);
	}

	if (currNumFiles == 0)
	{
		*numFiles = 0;
		return NULL;
	}

	{
		WIN32_FIND_DATAW initFind = {0};
		HANDLE findHandle = FindFirstFileW(wideDir, &initFind);
		if (findHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		{
			DQN_WIN32_ERROR_BOX("FindFirstFile() failed.", NULL);
			return NULL;
		}

		char **list = (char **)DqnMem_Calloc(
		    sizeof(*list) * (currNumFiles));
		if (!list)
		{
			DQN_WIN32_ERROR_BOX("DqnMem_Alloc() failed.", NULL);
			return NULL;
		}

		for (u32 i = 0; i < currNumFiles; i++)
		{
			list[i] =
			    (char *)DqnMem_Calloc(sizeof(**list) * MAX_PATH);
			if (!list[i])
			{
				for (u32 j = 0; j < i; j++)
				{
					DqnMem_Free(list[j]);
				}

				DQN_WIN32_ERROR_BOX("DqnMem_Alloc() failed.", NULL);
				return NULL;
			}
		}

		i32 listIndex = 0;
		WIN32_FIND_DATAW findData = {0};
		while (FindNextFileW(findHandle, &findData) != 0)
		{
			DqnWin32_WCharToUTF8(findData.cFileName, list[listIndex++],
			                        MAX_PATH);
		}

		*numFiles = currNumFiles;
		FindClose(findHandle);

		return list;
	}
#else
	return NULL;
#endif
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnDir_ReadFree(char **fileList, u32 numFiles)
{
	if (fileList)
	{
		for (u32 i = 0; i < numFiles; i++)
		{
			if (fileList[i]) DqnMem_Free(fileList[i]);
			fileList[i] = NULL;
		}

		DqnMem_Free(fileList);
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Timer
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifdef DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION
FILE_SCOPE f64 DqnWin32_QueryPerfCounterTimeInSInternal()
{
	LOCAL_PERSIST LARGE_INTEGER queryPerformanceFrequency = {0};
	if (queryPerformanceFrequency.QuadPart == 0)
	{
		QueryPerformanceFrequency(&queryPerformanceFrequency);
		DQN_ASSERT_HARD(queryPerformanceFrequency.QuadPart != 0);
	}

	LARGE_INTEGER qpcResult;
	QueryPerformanceCounter(&qpcResult);

	// Convert to ms
	f64 timestamp =
	    qpcResult.QuadPart / (f64)queryPerformanceFrequency.QuadPart;
	return timestamp;
}
#endif

f64 DqnTime_NowInS()
{
	f64 result;
#ifdef DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION
	result = DQN_MAX(DqnWin32_QueryPerfCounterTimeInSInternal(), 0);
#else
	result = 0;
	DQN_ASSERT_MSG(DQN_INVALID_CODE_PATH, "Non Win32 path not implemented yet");
#endif
	return result;
};

f64 DqnTime_NowInMs() { return DqnTime_NowInS() * 1000.0f; }

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// PCG (Permuted Congruential Generator) Random Number Generator
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Public Domain library with thanks to Mattias Gustavsson
// https://github.com/mattiasgustavsson/libs/blob/master/docs/rnd.md

// Convert a randomized u32 value to a float value x in the range 0.0f <= x
// < 1.0f. Contributed by Jonatan Hedborg
FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnRnd_F32NormalizedFromU32Internal(u32 value)
{
	u32 exponent = 127;
	u32 mantissa = value >> 9;
	u32 result   = (exponent << 23) | mantissa;
	f32 fresult  = *(f32 *)(&result);
	return fresult - 1.0f;
}

FILE_SCOPE u64 DqnRnd_Murmur3Avalanche64Internal(u64 h)
{
	h ^= h >> 33;
	h *= 0xff51afd7ed558ccd;
	h ^= h >> 33;
	h *= 0xc4ceb9fe1a85ec53;
	h ^= h >> 33;
	return h;
}

FILE_SCOPE u32 DqnRnd_MakeSeedInternal()
{
#ifdef DQN_WIN32_IMPLEMENTATION
	__int64 numClockCycles = __rdtsc();
	return (u32)numClockCycles;
#elif __ANDROID__
	DQN_ASSERT_MSG(DQN_INVALID_CODE_PATH, "Android path not implemented yet");
	return 0;
#elif __linux__
	unsigned long long numClockCycles = rdtsc();
	return (u32)numClockCycles;
#else
	DQN_ASSERT_MSG(DQN_INVALID_CODE_PATH, "Non Win32 path not implemented yet");
	return 0;
#endif
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnRnd_PCGInitWithSeed(DqnRandPCGState *pcg, u32 seed)
{
	u64 value     = (((u64)seed) << 1ULL) | 1ULL;
	value         = DqnRnd_Murmur3Avalanche64Internal(value);
	pcg->state[0] = 0U;
	pcg->state[1] = (value << 1ULL) | 1ULL;
	DqnRnd_PCGNext(pcg);
	pcg->state[0] += DqnRnd_Murmur3Avalanche64Internal(value);
	DqnRnd_PCGNext(pcg);
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE void DqnRnd_PCGInit(DqnRandPCGState *pcg)
{
	u32 seed = DqnRnd_MakeSeedInternal();
	DqnRnd_PCGInitWithSeed(pcg, seed);
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE u32 DqnRnd_PCGNext(DqnRandPCGState *pcg)
{
	u64 oldstate   = pcg->state[0];
	pcg->state[0]  = oldstate * 0x5851f42d4c957f2dULL + pcg->state[1];
	u32 xorshifted = (u32)(((oldstate >> 18ULL) ^ oldstate) >> 27ULL);
	u32 rot        = (u32)(oldstate >> 59ULL);
	return (xorshifted >> rot) | (xorshifted << ((-(i32)rot) & 31));
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE f32 DqnRnd_PCGNextf(DqnRandPCGState *pcg)
{
	return DqnRnd_F32NormalizedFromU32Internal(DqnRnd_PCGNext(pcg));
}

DQN_FILE_SCOPE i32 DqnRnd_PCGRange(DqnRandPCGState *pcg, i32 min, i32 max)
{
	i32 const range = (max - min) + 1;
	if (range <= 0) return min;
	i32 const value = (i32)(DqnRnd_PCGNextf(pcg) * range);
	return min + value;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// STB_Sprintf
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*
Single file sprintf replacement.

Originally written by Jeff Roberts at RAD Game Tools - 2015/10/20.  Hereby
placed in public domain.

This is a full sprintf replacement that supports everything that the C runtime
sprintfs support, including float/double, 64-bit integers, hex floats, field
parameters (%*.*d stuff), length reads backs, etc.

Why would you need this if sprintf already exists?  Well, first off, it's *much*
faster (see below). It's also much smaller than the CRT versions
code-space-wise. We've also added some simple improvements that are super handy
(commas in thousands, callbacks at buffer full, for example). Finally, the
format strings for MSVC and GCC differ for 64-bit integers (among other small
things), so this lets you use the same format strings in cross platform code.

It uses the standard single file trick of being both the header file and the
source itself. If you just include it normally, you just get the header file
function definitions. To get the code, you include it from a C or C++ file and
define STB_SPRINTF_IMPLEMENTATION first.

It only uses va_args macros from the C runtime to do it's work. It does cast
doubles to S64s and shifts and divides U64s, which does drag in CRT code on most
platforms.

It compiles to roughly 8K with float support, and 4K without.  As a comparison,
when using MSVC static libs, calling sprintf drags in 16K.

PERFORMANCE vs MSVC 2008 32-/64-bit (GCC is even slower than MSVC):
===================================================================
"%d" across all 32-bit ints (4.8x/4.0x faster than 32-/64-bit MSVC)
"%24d" across all 32-bit ints (4.5x/4.2x faster)
"%x" across all 32-bit ints (4.5x/3.8x faster)
"%08x" across all 32-bit ints (4.3x/3.8x faster)
"%f" across e-10 to e+10 floats (7.3x/6.0x faster)
"%e" across e-10 to e+10 floats (8.1x/6.0x faster)
"%g" across e-10 to e+10 floats (10.0x/7.1x faster)
"%f" for values near e-300 (7.9x/6.5x faster)
"%f" for values near e+300 (10.0x/9.1x faster)
"%e" for values near e-300 (10.1x/7.0x faster)
"%e" for values near e+300 (9.2x/6.0x faster)
"%.320f" for values near e-300 (12.6x/11.2x faster)
"%a" for random values (8.6x/4.3x faster)
"%I64d" for 64-bits with 32-bit values (4.8x/3.4x faster)
"%I64d" for 64-bits > 32-bit values (4.9x/5.5x faster)
"%s%s%s" for 64 char strings (7.1x/7.3x faster)
"...512 char string..." ( 35.0x/32.5x faster!)
*/

#include <stdlib.h>  // for va_arg()

#define stbsp__uint32 unsigned int
#define stbsp__int32 signed int

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define stbsp__uint64 unsigned __int64
#define stbsp__int64 signed __int64
#else
#define stbsp__uint64 unsigned long long
#define stbsp__int64 signed long long
#endif
#define stbsp__uint16 unsigned short

#ifndef stbsp__uintptr 
#if defined(__ppc64__) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__x86_64)
#define stbsp__uintptr stbsp__uint64
#else
#define stbsp__uintptr stbsp__uint32
#endif
#endif

#ifndef STB_SPRINTF_MSVC_MODE  // used for MSVC2013 and earlier (MSVC2015 matches GCC)
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER<1900)
#define STB_SPRINTF_MSVC_MODE
#endif
#endif

#ifdef STB_SPRINTF_NOUNALIGNED  // define this before inclusion to force stbsp_sprintf to always use aligned accesses
#define STBSP__UNALIGNED(code)
#else
#define STBSP__UNALIGNED(code) code
#endif

#ifndef STB_SPRINTF_NOFLOAT
// internal float utility functions
static stbsp__int32 stbsp__real_to_str( char const * * start, stbsp__uint32 * len, char *out, stbsp__int32 * decimal_pos, double value, stbsp__uint32 frac_digits );
static stbsp__int32 stbsp__real_to_parts( stbsp__int64 * bits, stbsp__int32 * expo, double value );
#define STBSP__SPECIAL 0x7000
#endif

static char stbsp__period='.';
static char stbsp__comma=',';
static char stbsp__digitpair[201]="00010203040506070809101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899";

STBSP__PUBLICDEF void STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE( set_separators )( char pcomma, char pperiod )
{
  stbsp__period=pperiod;
  stbsp__comma=pcomma;
}

#define STBSP__LEFTJUST 1
#define STBSP__LEADINGPLUS 2
#define STBSP__LEADINGSPACE 4
#define STBSP__LEADING_0X 8
#define STBSP__LEADINGZERO 16
#define STBSP__INTMAX 32
#define STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA 64
#define STBSP__NEGATIVE 128
#define STBSP__METRIC_SUFFIX 256
#define STBSP__HALFWIDTH 512
#define STBSP__METRIC_NOSPACE 1024
#define STBSP__METRIC_1024 2048
#define STBSP__METRIC_JEDEC 4096

static void stbsp__lead_sign(stbsp__uint32 fl, char *sign)
{
  sign[0] = 0;
  if (fl&STBSP__NEGATIVE) {
    sign[0]=1;
    sign[1]='-';
  } else if (fl&STBSP__LEADINGSPACE) {
    sign[0]=1;
    sign[1]=' ';
  } else if (fl&STBSP__LEADINGPLUS) {
    sign[0]=1;
    sign[1]='+';
  }
}
  
STBSP__PUBLICDEF int STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE( vsprintfcb )( STBSP_SPRINTFCB * callback, void * user, char * buf, char const * fmt, va_list va )
{
  static char hex[]="0123456789abcdefxp";
  static char hexu[]="0123456789ABCDEFXP";
  char * bf;
  char const * f;
  int tlen = 0;

  bf = buf;
  f = fmt;
  for(;;)
  {
    stbsp__int32 fw,pr,tz; stbsp__uint32 fl;

    // macros for the callback buffer stuff
    #define stbsp__chk_cb_bufL(bytes) { int len = (int)(bf-buf); if ((len+(bytes))>=STB_SPRINTF_MIN) { tlen+=len; if (0==(bf=buf=callback(buf,user,len))) goto done; } }
    #define stbsp__chk_cb_buf(bytes) { if ( callback ) { stbsp__chk_cb_bufL(bytes); } }
    #define stbsp__flush_cb() { stbsp__chk_cb_bufL(STB_SPRINTF_MIN-1); } //flush if there is even one byte in the buffer
    #define stbsp__cb_buf_clamp(cl,v) cl = v; if ( callback ) { int lg = STB_SPRINTF_MIN-(int)(bf-buf); if (cl>lg) cl=lg; }

    // fast copy everything up to the next % (or end of string)
    for(;;)
    { 
      while (((stbsp__uintptr)f)&3)
      {
       schk1: if (f[0]=='%') goto scandd;
       schk2: if (f[0]==0) goto endfmt;
        stbsp__chk_cb_buf(1); *bf++=f[0]; ++f;
      } 
      for(;;)
      { 
        // Check if the next 4 bytes contain %(0x25) or end of string.
        // Using the 'hasless' trick:
        // https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#HasLessInWord
        stbsp__uint32 v,c;
        v=*(stbsp__uint32*)f; c=(~v)&0x80808080;
        if (((v^0x25252525)-0x01010101)&c) goto schk1;
        if ((v-0x01010101)&c) goto schk2; 
        if (callback) if ((STB_SPRINTF_MIN-(int)(bf-buf))<4) goto schk1;
        *(stbsp__uint32*)bf=v; bf+=4; f+=4;
      }
    } scandd:

    ++f;

    // ok, we have a percent, read the modifiers first
    fw = 0; pr = -1; fl = 0; tz = 0;
    
    // flags
    for(;;)
    {
      switch(f[0])
      {
        // if we have left justify
        case '-': fl|=STBSP__LEFTJUST; ++f; continue;
        // if we have leading plus
        case '+': fl|=STBSP__LEADINGPLUS; ++f; continue; 
        // if we have leading space
        case ' ': fl|=STBSP__LEADINGSPACE; ++f; continue; 
        // if we have leading 0x
        case '#': fl|=STBSP__LEADING_0X; ++f; continue; 
        // if we have thousand commas
        case '\'': fl|=STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA; ++f; continue; 
        // if we have kilo marker (none->kilo->kibi->jedec)
        case '$': 
            if (fl&STBSP__METRIC_SUFFIX)
            {
                if (fl&STBSP__METRIC_1024)
                {
                    fl|=STBSP__METRIC_JEDEC;
                }
                else
                {
                    fl|=STBSP__METRIC_1024;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                fl|=STBSP__METRIC_SUFFIX; 
            }
            ++f; continue; 
        // if we don't want space between metric suffix and number
        case '_': fl|=STBSP__METRIC_NOSPACE; ++f; continue;
        // if we have leading zero
        case '0': fl|=STBSP__LEADINGZERO; ++f; goto flags_done; 
        default: goto flags_done;
      }
    }
    flags_done:
   
    // get the field width
    if ( f[0] == '*' ) {fw = va_arg(va,stbsp__uint32); ++f;} else { while (( f[0] >= '0' ) && ( f[0] <= '9' )) { fw = fw * 10 + f[0] - '0'; f++; } }
    // get the precision
    if ( f[0]=='.' ) { ++f; if ( f[0] == '*' ) {pr = va_arg(va,stbsp__uint32); ++f;} else { pr = 0; while (( f[0] >= '0' ) && ( f[0] <= '9' )) { pr = pr * 10 + f[0] - '0'; f++; } } } 
    
    // handle integer size overrides
    switch(f[0])
    {
      // are we halfwidth?
      case 'h': fl|=STBSP__HALFWIDTH; ++f; break;
      // are we 64-bit (unix style)
      case 'l': ++f; if ( f[0]=='l') { fl|=STBSP__INTMAX; ++f; } break;
      // are we 64-bit on intmax? (c99)
      case 'j': fl|=STBSP__INTMAX; ++f; break; 
      // are we 64-bit on size_t or ptrdiff_t? (c99)
      case 'z': case 't': fl|=((sizeof(char*)==8)?STBSP__INTMAX:0); ++f; break; 
      // are we 64-bit (msft style)
      case 'I': if ( ( f[1]=='6') && ( f[2]=='4') ) { fl|=STBSP__INTMAX; f+=3; }
                else if ( ( f[1]=='3') && ( f[2]=='2') ) { f+=3; }
                else { fl|=((sizeof(void*)==8)?STBSP__INTMAX:0); ++f; } break;
      default: break;
    }

    // handle each replacement
    switch( f[0] )
    {
      #define STBSP__NUMSZ   512 // big enough for e308 (with commas) or e-307 
      char num[STBSP__NUMSZ]; 
      char lead[8]; 
      char tail[8]; 
      char *s;
      char const *h;
      stbsp__uint32 l,n,cs;
      stbsp__uint64 n64;
      #ifndef STB_SPRINTF_NOFLOAT      
      double fv; 
      #endif
      stbsp__int32 dp; char const * sn;

      case 's':
        // get the string
        s = va_arg(va,char*); if (s==0) s = (char*)"null";
        // get the length
        sn = s;
        for(;;)
        { 
          if ((((stbsp__uintptr)sn)&3)==0) break;
         lchk:
          if (sn[0]==0) goto ld;
          ++sn;
        }
        n = 0xffffffff;
        if (pr>=0) { n=(stbsp__uint32)(sn-s); if (n>=(stbsp__uint32)pr) goto ld; n=((stbsp__uint32)(pr-n))>>2; }
        while(n) 
        { 
          stbsp__uint32 v=*(stbsp__uint32*)sn;
          if ((v-0x01010101)&(~v)&0x80808080UL) goto lchk; 
          sn+=4; 
          --n;
        }
        goto lchk;
       ld:

        l = (stbsp__uint32) ( sn - s );
        // clamp to precision
        if ( l > (stbsp__uint32)pr ) l = pr;
        lead[0]=0; tail[0]=0; pr = 0; dp = 0; cs = 0;
        // copy the string in
        goto scopy;

      case 'c': // char
        // get the character
        s = num + STBSP__NUMSZ -1; *s = (char)va_arg(va,int);
        l = 1;
        lead[0]=0; tail[0]=0; pr = 0; dp = 0; cs = 0;
        goto scopy;

      case 'n': // weird write-bytes specifier
        { int * d = va_arg(va,int*);
        *d = tlen + (int)( bf - buf ); }
        break;

#ifdef STB_SPRINTF_NOFLOAT
      case 'A': // float
      case 'a': // hex float
      case 'G': // float
      case 'g': // float
      case 'E': // float
      case 'e': // float
      case 'f': // float
        va_arg(va,double); // eat it
        s = (char*)"No float";
        l = 8;
        lead[0]=0; tail[0]=0; pr = 0; dp = 0; cs = 0;
        goto scopy;
#else
      case 'A': // float
        h=hexu;  
        goto hexfloat;

      case 'a': // hex float
        h=hex;
       hexfloat: 
        fv = va_arg(va,double);
        if (pr==-1) pr=6; // default is 6
        // read the double into a string
        if ( stbsp__real_to_parts( (stbsp__int64*)&n64, &dp, fv ) )
          fl |= STBSP__NEGATIVE;
  
        s = num+64;

        stbsp__lead_sign(fl, lead);

        if (dp==-1023) dp=(n64)?-1022:0; else n64|=(((stbsp__uint64)1)<<52);
        n64<<=(64-56);
        if (pr<15) n64+=((((stbsp__uint64)8)<<56)>>(pr*4));
        // add leading chars
        
        #ifdef STB_SPRINTF_MSVC_MODE
        *s++='0';*s++='x';
        #else
        lead[1+lead[0]]='0'; lead[2+lead[0]]='x'; lead[0]+=2;
        #endif
        *s++=h[(n64>>60)&15]; n64<<=4;
        if ( pr ) *s++=stbsp__period;
        sn = s;

        // print the bits
        n = pr; if (n>13) n = 13; if (pr>(stbsp__int32)n) tz=pr-n; pr = 0;
        while(n--) { *s++=h[(n64>>60)&15]; n64<<=4; }

        // print the expo
        tail[1]=h[17];
        if (dp<0) { tail[2]='-'; dp=-dp;} else tail[2]='+';
        n = (dp>=1000)?6:((dp>=100)?5:((dp>=10)?4:3));
        tail[0]=(char)n;
        for(;;) { tail[n]='0'+dp%10; if (n<=3) break; --n; dp/=10; }

        dp = (int)(s-sn);
        l = (int)(s-(num+64));
        s = num+64;
        cs = 1 + (3<<24);
        goto scopy;

      case 'G': // float
        h=hexu;
        goto dosmallfloat;

      case 'g': // float
        h=hex;
       dosmallfloat:   
        fv = va_arg(va,double);
        if (pr==-1) pr=6; else if (pr==0) pr = 1; // default is 6
        // read the double into a string
        if ( stbsp__real_to_str( &sn, &l, num, &dp, fv, (pr-1)|0x80000000 ) )
          fl |= STBSP__NEGATIVE;

        // clamp the precision and delete extra zeros after clamp
        n = pr;
        if ( l > (stbsp__uint32)pr ) l = pr; while ((l>1)&&(pr)&&(sn[l-1]=='0')) { --pr; --l; }

        // should we use %e
        if ((dp<=-4)||(dp>(stbsp__int32)n))
        {
          if ( pr > (stbsp__int32)l ) pr = l-1; else if ( pr ) --pr; // when using %e, there is one digit before the decimal
          goto doexpfromg;
        }
        // this is the insane action to get the pr to match %g sematics for %f
        if(dp>0) { pr=(dp<(stbsp__int32)l)?l-dp:0; } else { pr = -dp+((pr>(stbsp__int32)l)?l:pr); }
        goto dofloatfromg;

      case 'E': // float
        h=hexu;  
        goto doexp;

      case 'e': // float
        h=hex;
       doexp:   
        fv = va_arg(va,double);
        if (pr==-1) pr=6; // default is 6
        // read the double into a string
        if ( stbsp__real_to_str( &sn, &l, num, &dp, fv, pr|0x80000000 ) )
          fl |= STBSP__NEGATIVE;
       doexpfromg: 
        tail[0]=0; 
        stbsp__lead_sign(fl, lead);
        if ( dp == STBSP__SPECIAL ) { s=(char*)sn; cs=0; pr=0; goto scopy; }
        s=num+64; 
        // handle leading chars
        *s++=sn[0];

        if (pr) *s++=stbsp__period;

        // handle after decimal
        if ((l-1)>(stbsp__uint32)pr) l=pr+1;
        for(n=1;n<l;n++) *s++=sn[n];
        // trailing zeros
        tz = pr-(l-1); pr=0;
        // dump expo
        tail[1]=h[0xe];
        dp -= 1;
        if (dp<0) { tail[2]='-'; dp=-dp;} else tail[2]='+';
        #ifdef STB_SPRINTF_MSVC_MODE
        n = 5;
        #else
        n = (dp>=100)?5:4;
        #endif
        tail[0]=(char)n;
        for(;;) { tail[n]='0'+dp%10; if (n<=3) break; --n; dp/=10; }
        cs = 1 + (3<<24); // how many tens
        goto flt_lead;   

      case 'f': // float
        fv = va_arg(va,double);
       doafloat: 
        // do kilos
        if (fl&STBSP__METRIC_SUFFIX) 
        {
            double divisor;
            divisor=1000.0f;
            if (fl&STBSP__METRIC_1024) divisor = 1024.0;
            while(fl<0x4000000) { if ((fv<divisor) && (fv>-divisor)) break; fv/=divisor; fl+=0x1000000; }
        }
        if (pr==-1) pr=6; // default is 6
        // read the double into a string
        if ( stbsp__real_to_str( &sn, &l, num, &dp, fv, pr ) )
          fl |= STBSP__NEGATIVE;
        dofloatfromg:
        tail[0]=0;
        stbsp__lead_sign(fl, lead);
        if ( dp == STBSP__SPECIAL ) { s=(char*)sn; cs=0; pr=0; goto scopy; }
        s=num+64; 

        // handle the three decimal varieties
        if (dp<=0) 
        { 
          stbsp__int32 i;
          // handle 0.000*000xxxx
          *s++='0'; if (pr) *s++=stbsp__period; 
          n=-dp; if((stbsp__int32)n>pr) n=pr; i=n; while(i) { if ((((stbsp__uintptr)s)&3)==0) break; *s++='0'; --i; } while(i>=4) { *(stbsp__uint32*)s=0x30303030; s+=4; i-=4; } while(i) { *s++='0'; --i; }
          if ((stbsp__int32)(l+n)>pr) l=pr-n; i=l; while(i) { *s++=*sn++; --i; }
          tz = pr-(n+l);
          cs = 1 + (3<<24); // how many tens did we write (for commas below)
        }
        else
        {
          cs = (fl&STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA)?((600-(stbsp__uint32)dp)%3):0;
          if ((stbsp__uint32)dp>=l)
          {
            // handle xxxx000*000.0
            n=0; for(;;) { if ((fl&STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA) && (++cs==4)) { cs = 0; *s++=stbsp__comma; } else { *s++=sn[n]; ++n; if (n>=l) break; } }
            if (n<(stbsp__uint32)dp)
            {
              n = dp - n;
              if ((fl&STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA)==0) { while(n) { if ((((stbsp__uintptr)s)&3)==0) break; *s++='0'; --n; }  while(n>=4) { *(stbsp__uint32*)s=0x30303030; s+=4; n-=4; } }
              while(n) { if ((fl&STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA) && (++cs==4)) { cs = 0; *s++=stbsp__comma; } else { *s++='0'; --n; } }
            }
            cs = (int)(s-(num+64)) + (3<<24); // cs is how many tens
            if (pr) { *s++=stbsp__period; tz=pr;}
          }
          else
          {
            // handle xxxxx.xxxx000*000
            n=0; for(;;) { if ((fl&STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA) && (++cs==4)) { cs = 0; *s++=stbsp__comma; } else { *s++=sn[n]; ++n; if (n>=(stbsp__uint32)dp) break; } }
            cs = (int)(s-(num+64)) + (3<<24); // cs is how many tens
            if (pr) *s++=stbsp__period;
            if ((l-dp)>(stbsp__uint32)pr) l=pr+dp;
            while(n<l) { *s++=sn[n]; ++n; }
            tz = pr-(l-dp);
          }
        }
        pr = 0;
        
        // handle k,m,g,t
        if (fl&STBSP__METRIC_SUFFIX) 
        { 
            char idx;
            idx=1;
            if (fl&STBSP__METRIC_NOSPACE)
                idx=0;
            tail[0]=idx; 
            tail[1]=' '; 
            { 
                if (fl>>24) 
                {   // SI kilo is 'k', JEDEC and SI kibits are 'K'.
                    if (fl&STBSP__METRIC_1024)
                        tail[idx+1]="_KMGT"[fl>>24]; 
                    else
                        tail[idx+1]="_kMGT"[fl>>24]; 
                    idx++;
                    // If printing kibits and not in jedec, add the 'i'.
                    if (fl&STBSP__METRIC_1024&&!(fl&STBSP__METRIC_JEDEC))
                    {
                        tail[idx+1]='i';
                        idx++;
                    }
                    tail[0]=idx;
                } 
            } 
        };

        flt_lead:
        // get the length that we copied
        l = (stbsp__uint32) ( s-(num+64) );
        s=num+64; 
        goto scopy;
#endif

      case 'B': // upper binary
        h = hexu;
        goto binary;

      case 'b': // lower binary
        h = hex;
        binary:
        lead[0]=0;
        if (fl&STBSP__LEADING_0X) { lead[0]=2;lead[1]='0';lead[2]=h[0xb]; }
        l=(8<<4)|(1<<8);
        goto radixnum;

      case 'o': // octal
        h = hexu;
        lead[0]=0;
        if (fl&STBSP__LEADING_0X) { lead[0]=1;lead[1]='0'; }
        l=(3<<4)|(3<<8);
        goto radixnum;

      case 'p': // pointer
        fl |= (sizeof(void*)==8)?STBSP__INTMAX:0;
        pr = sizeof(void*)*2;
        fl &= ~STBSP__LEADINGZERO; // 'p' only prints the pointer with zeros
        // drop through to X
      
      case 'X': // upper binary
        h = hexu;
        goto dohexb;

      case 'x': // lower binary
        h = hex; dohexb:
        l=(4<<4)|(4<<8);
        lead[0]=0;
        if (fl&STBSP__LEADING_0X) { lead[0]=2;lead[1]='0';lead[2]=h[16]; }
       radixnum: 
        // get the number
        if ( fl&STBSP__INTMAX )
          n64 = va_arg(va,stbsp__uint64);
        else
          n64 = va_arg(va,stbsp__uint32);

        s = num + STBSP__NUMSZ; dp = 0;
        // clear tail, and clear leading if value is zero
        tail[0]=0; if (n64==0) { lead[0]=0; if (pr==0) { l=0; cs = ( ((l>>4)&15)) << 24; goto scopy; } }
        // convert to string
        for(;;) { *--s = h[n64&((1<<(l>>8))-1)]; n64>>=(l>>8); if ( ! ( (n64) || ((stbsp__int32) ( (num+STBSP__NUMSZ) - s ) < pr ) ) ) break; if ( fl&STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA) { ++l; if ((l&15)==((l>>4)&15)) { l&=~15; *--s=stbsp__comma; } } };
        // get the tens and the comma pos
        cs = (stbsp__uint32) ( (num+STBSP__NUMSZ) - s ) + ( ( ((l>>4)&15)) << 24 );
        // get the length that we copied
        l = (stbsp__uint32) ( (num+STBSP__NUMSZ) - s );
        // copy it
        goto scopy;

      case 'u': // unsigned
      case 'i':
      case 'd': // integer
        // get the integer and abs it
        if ( fl&STBSP__INTMAX )
        {
          stbsp__int64 i64 = va_arg(va,stbsp__int64); n64 = (stbsp__uint64)i64; if ((f[0]!='u') && (i64<0)) { n64=(stbsp__uint64)-i64; fl|=STBSP__NEGATIVE; }
        }
        else
        {
          stbsp__int32 i = va_arg(va,stbsp__int32); n64 = (stbsp__uint32)i; if ((f[0]!='u') && (i<0)) { n64=(stbsp__uint32)-i; fl|=STBSP__NEGATIVE; }
        }

        #ifndef STB_SPRINTF_NOFLOAT
        if (fl&STBSP__METRIC_SUFFIX) { if (n64<1024) pr=0; else if (pr==-1) pr=1; fv=(double)(stbsp__int64)n64; goto doafloat; } 
        #endif

        // convert to string
        s = num+STBSP__NUMSZ; l=0; 
        
        for(;;)
        {
          // do in 32-bit chunks (avoid lots of 64-bit divides even with constant denominators)
          char * o=s-8;
          if (n64>=100000000) { n = (stbsp__uint32)( n64 % 100000000);  n64 /= 100000000; } else {n = (stbsp__uint32)n64; n64 = 0; }
          if((fl&STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA)==0) { while(n) { s-=2; *(stbsp__uint16*)s=*(stbsp__uint16*)&stbsp__digitpair[(n%100)*2]; n/=100; } }
          while (n) { if ( ( fl&STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA) && (l++==3) ) { l=0; *--s=stbsp__comma; --o; } else { *--s=(char)(n%10)+'0'; n/=10; } }
          if (n64==0) { if ((s[0]=='0') && (s!=(num+STBSP__NUMSZ))) ++s; break; }
          while (s!=o) if ( ( fl&STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA) && (l++==3) ) { l=0; *--s=stbsp__comma; --o; } else { *--s='0'; }
        }

        tail[0]=0;
        stbsp__lead_sign(fl, lead);

        // get the length that we copied
        l = (stbsp__uint32) ( (num+STBSP__NUMSZ) - s ); if ( l == 0 ) { *--s='0'; l = 1; }
        cs = l + (3<<24);
        if (pr<0) pr = 0;

       scopy: 
        // get fw=leading/trailing space, pr=leading zeros
        if (pr<(stbsp__int32)l) pr = l;
        n = pr + lead[0] + tail[0] + tz;
        if (fw<(stbsp__int32)n) fw = n;
        fw -= n;
        pr -= l;

        // handle right justify and leading zeros
        if ( (fl&STBSP__LEFTJUST)==0 )
        {
          if (fl&STBSP__LEADINGZERO) // if leading zeros, everything is in pr
          { 
            pr = (fw>pr)?fw:pr;
            fw = 0;
          }
          else
          {
            fl &= ~STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA; // if no leading zeros, then no commas
          }
        }

        // copy the spaces and/or zeros
        if (fw+pr)
        {
          stbsp__int32 i; stbsp__uint32 c; 

          // copy leading spaces (or when doing %8.4d stuff)
          if ( (fl&STBSP__LEFTJUST)==0 ) while(fw>0) { stbsp__cb_buf_clamp(i,fw); fw -= i; while(i) { if ((((stbsp__uintptr)bf)&3)==0) break; *bf++=' '; --i; } while(i>=4) { *(stbsp__uint32*)bf=0x20202020; bf+=4; i-=4; } while (i) {*bf++=' '; --i;} stbsp__chk_cb_buf(1); }
        
          // copy leader
          sn=lead+1; while(lead[0]) { stbsp__cb_buf_clamp(i,lead[0]); lead[0] -= (char)i; while (i) {*bf++=*sn++; --i;} stbsp__chk_cb_buf(1); }
          
          // copy leading zeros
          c = cs >> 24; cs &= 0xffffff;
          cs = (fl&STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA)?((stbsp__uint32)(c-((pr+cs)%(c+1)))):0;
          while(pr>0) { stbsp__cb_buf_clamp(i,pr); pr -= i; if((fl&STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA)==0) { while(i) { if ((((stbsp__uintptr)bf)&3)==0) break; *bf++='0'; --i; } while(i>=4) { *(stbsp__uint32*)bf=0x30303030; bf+=4; i-=4; } } while (i) { if((fl&STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA) && (cs++==c)) { cs = 0; *bf++=stbsp__comma; } else *bf++='0'; --i; } stbsp__chk_cb_buf(1); }
        }

        // copy leader if there is still one
        sn=lead+1; while(lead[0]) { stbsp__int32 i; stbsp__cb_buf_clamp(i,lead[0]); lead[0] -= (char)i; while (i) {*bf++=*sn++; --i;} stbsp__chk_cb_buf(1); }

        // copy the string
        n = l; while (n) { stbsp__int32 i; stbsp__cb_buf_clamp(i,n); n-=i; STBSP__UNALIGNED( while(i>=4) { *(stbsp__uint32*)bf=*(stbsp__uint32*)s; bf+=4; s+=4; i-=4; } ) while (i) {*bf++=*s++; --i;} stbsp__chk_cb_buf(1); }

        // copy trailing zeros
        while(tz) { stbsp__int32 i; stbsp__cb_buf_clamp(i,tz); tz -= i; while(i) { if ((((stbsp__uintptr)bf)&3)==0) break; *bf++='0'; --i; } while(i>=4) { *(stbsp__uint32*)bf=0x30303030; bf+=4; i-=4; } while (i) {*bf++='0'; --i;} stbsp__chk_cb_buf(1); }

        // copy tail if there is one
        sn=tail+1; while(tail[0]) { stbsp__int32 i; stbsp__cb_buf_clamp(i,tail[0]); tail[0] -= (char)i; while (i) {*bf++=*sn++; --i;} stbsp__chk_cb_buf(1); }

        // handle the left justify
        if (fl&STBSP__LEFTJUST) if (fw>0) { while (fw) { stbsp__int32 i; stbsp__cb_buf_clamp(i,fw); fw-=i; while(i) { if ((((stbsp__uintptr)bf)&3)==0) break; *bf++=' '; --i; } while(i>=4) { *(stbsp__uint32*)bf=0x20202020; bf+=4; i-=4; } while (i--) *bf++=' '; stbsp__chk_cb_buf(1); } }
        break;

      default: // unknown, just copy code
        s = num + STBSP__NUMSZ -1; *s = f[0];
        l = 1;
        fw=pr=fl=0;
        lead[0]=0; tail[0]=0; pr = 0; dp = 0; cs = 0;
        goto scopy;
    }
    ++f;
  }
 endfmt:

  if (!callback) 
    *bf = 0;
  else
    stbsp__flush_cb();
 
 done:
  return tlen + (int)(bf-buf);
}

// cleanup
#undef STBSP__LEFTJUST
#undef STBSP__LEADINGPLUS
#undef STBSP__LEADINGSPACE
#undef STBSP__LEADING_0X
#undef STBSP__LEADINGZERO
#undef STBSP__INTMAX
#undef STBSP__TRIPLET_COMMA
#undef STBSP__NEGATIVE
#undef STBSP__METRIC_SUFFIX
#undef STBSP__NUMSZ
#undef stbsp__chk_cb_bufL
#undef stbsp__chk_cb_buf
#undef stbsp__flush_cb
#undef stbsp__cb_buf_clamp

// ============================================================================
//   wrapper functions

STBSP__PUBLICDEF int STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE( sprintf )( char * buf, char const * fmt, ... )
{
  int result;
  va_list va;
  va_start( va, fmt );
  result = STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE( vsprintfcb )( 0, 0, buf, fmt, va );
  va_end(va);
  return result;
}

typedef struct stbsp__context
{
  char * buf;
  int count;
  char tmp[ STB_SPRINTF_MIN ];
} stbsp__context;

static char * stbsp__clamp_callback( char * buf, void * user, int len )
{
  stbsp__context * c = (stbsp__context*)user;

  if ( len > c->count ) len = c->count;

  if (len)
  {
    if ( buf != c->buf )
    {
      char * s, * d, * se;
      d = c->buf; s = buf; se = buf+len;
      do{ *d++ = *s++; } while (s<se);
    }
    c->buf += len;
    c->count -= len;
  }
  
  if ( c->count <= 0 ) return 0;
  return ( c->count >= STB_SPRINTF_MIN ) ? c->buf : c->tmp; // go direct into buffer if you can
}

STBSP__PUBLICDEF int STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE( vsnprintf )( char * buf, int count, char const * fmt, va_list va )
{
  stbsp__context c;
  int l;

  if ( count == 0 )
    return 0;

  c.buf = buf;
  c.count = count;

  STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE( vsprintfcb )( stbsp__clamp_callback, &c, stbsp__clamp_callback(0,&c,0), fmt, va );
  
  // zero-terminate
  l = (int)( c.buf - buf );
  if ( l >= count ) // should never be greater, only equal (or less) than count
    l = count - 1;
  buf[l] = 0;

  return l;
}

STBSP__PUBLICDEF int STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE( snprintf )( char * buf, int count, char const * fmt, ... )
{
  int result;
  va_list va;
  va_start( va, fmt );

  result = STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE( vsnprintf )( buf, count, fmt, va );
  va_end(va);

  return result;
}

STBSP__PUBLICDEF int STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE( vsprintf )( char * buf, char const * fmt, va_list va )
{
  return STB_SPRINTF_DECORATE( vsprintfcb )( 0, 0, buf, fmt, va );
}

// =======================================================================
//   low level float utility functions

#ifndef STB_SPRINTF_NOFLOAT

// copies d to bits w/ strict aliasing (this compiles to nothing on /Ox)
#define STBSP__COPYFP(dest,src) { int cn; for(cn=0;cn<8;cn++) ((char*)&dest)[cn]=((char*)&src)[cn]; }
 
// get float info
static stbsp__int32 stbsp__real_to_parts( stbsp__int64 * bits, stbsp__int32 * expo, double value )
{
  double d;
  stbsp__int64 b = 0;

  // load value and round at the frac_digits
  d = value;

  STBSP__COPYFP( b, d );

  *bits = b & ((((stbsp__uint64)1)<<52)-1);
  *expo = (stbsp__int32) (((b >> 52) & 2047)-1023);
    
  return (stbsp__int32)(b >> 63);
}

static double const stbsp__bot[23]={1e+000,1e+001,1e+002,1e+003,1e+004,1e+005,1e+006,1e+007,1e+008,1e+009,1e+010,1e+011,1e+012,1e+013,1e+014,1e+015,1e+016,1e+017,1e+018,1e+019,1e+020,1e+021,1e+022};
static double const stbsp__negbot[22]={1e-001,1e-002,1e-003,1e-004,1e-005,1e-006,1e-007,1e-008,1e-009,1e-010,1e-011,1e-012,1e-013,1e-014,1e-015,1e-016,1e-017,1e-018,1e-019,1e-020,1e-021,1e-022};
static double const stbsp__negboterr[22]={-5.551115123125783e-018,-2.0816681711721684e-019,-2.0816681711721686e-020,-4.7921736023859299e-021,-8.1803053914031305e-022,4.5251888174113741e-023,4.5251888174113739e-024,-2.0922560830128471e-025,-6.2281591457779853e-026,-3.6432197315497743e-027,6.0503030718060191e-028,2.0113352370744385e-029,-3.0373745563400371e-030,1.1806906454401013e-032,-7.7705399876661076e-032,2.0902213275965398e-033,-7.1542424054621921e-034,-7.1542424054621926e-035,2.4754073164739869e-036,5.4846728545790429e-037,9.2462547772103625e-038,-4.8596774326570872e-039};
static double const stbsp__top[13]={1e+023,1e+046,1e+069,1e+092,1e+115,1e+138,1e+161,1e+184,1e+207,1e+230,1e+253,1e+276,1e+299};
static double const stbsp__negtop[13]={1e-023,1e-046,1e-069,1e-092,1e-115,1e-138,1e-161,1e-184,1e-207,1e-230,1e-253,1e-276,1e-299};
static double const stbsp__toperr[13]={8388608,6.8601809640529717e+028,-7.253143638152921e+052,-4.3377296974619174e+075,-1.5559416129466825e+098,-3.2841562489204913e+121,-3.7745893248228135e+144,-1.7356668416969134e+167,-3.8893577551088374e+190,-9.9566444326005119e+213,6.3641293062232429e+236,-5.2069140800249813e+259,-5.2504760255204387e+282};
static double const stbsp__negtoperr[13]={3.9565301985100693e-040,-2.299904345391321e-063,3.6506201437945798e-086,1.1875228833981544e-109,-5.0644902316928607e-132,-6.7156837247865426e-155,-2.812077463003139e-178,-5.7778912386589953e-201,7.4997100559334532e-224,-4.6439668915134491e-247,-6.3691100762962136e-270,-9.436808465446358e-293,8.0970921678014997e-317};

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER<=1200)                                                                                                                                                                                       
static stbsp__uint64 const stbsp__powten[20]={1,10,100,1000, 10000,100000,1000000,10000000, 100000000,1000000000,10000000000,100000000000,  1000000000000,10000000000000,100000000000000,1000000000000000,  10000000000000000,100000000000000000,1000000000000000000,10000000000000000000U };
#define stbsp__tento19th ((stbsp__uint64)1000000000000000000)
#else
static stbsp__uint64 const stbsp__powten[20]={1,10,100,1000, 10000,100000,1000000,10000000, 100000000,1000000000,10000000000ULL,100000000000ULL,  1000000000000ULL,10000000000000ULL,100000000000000ULL,1000000000000000ULL,  10000000000000000ULL,100000000000000000ULL,1000000000000000000ULL,10000000000000000000ULL };
#define stbsp__tento19th (1000000000000000000ULL)
#endif

#define stbsp__ddmulthi(oh,ol,xh,yh) \
{ \
  double ahi=0,alo,bhi=0,blo; \
  stbsp__int64 bt; \
  oh = xh * yh; \
  STBSP__COPYFP(bt,xh); bt&=((~(stbsp__uint64)0)<<27); STBSP__COPYFP(ahi,bt); alo = xh-ahi; \
  STBSP__COPYFP(bt,yh); bt&=((~(stbsp__uint64)0)<<27); STBSP__COPYFP(bhi,bt); blo = yh-bhi; \
  ol = ((ahi*bhi-oh)+ahi*blo+alo*bhi)+alo*blo; \
}

#define stbsp__ddtoS64(ob,xh,xl) \
{ \
  double ahi=0,alo,vh,t;\
  ob = (stbsp__int64)ph;\
  vh=(double)ob;\
  ahi = ( xh - vh );\
  t = ( ahi - xh );\
  alo = (xh-(ahi-t))-(vh+t);\
  ob += (stbsp__int64)(ahi+alo+xl);\
}


#define stbsp__ddrenorm(oh,ol) { double s; s=oh+ol; ol=ol-(s-oh); oh=s; }

#define stbsp__ddmultlo(oh,ol,xh,xl,yh,yl) \
  ol = ol + ( xh*yl + xl*yh ); \

#define stbsp__ddmultlos(oh,ol,xh,yl) \
  ol = ol + ( xh*yl ); \

static void stbsp__raise_to_power10( double *ohi, double *olo, double d, stbsp__int32 power )  // power can be -323 to +350
{
  double ph, pl;
  if ((power>=0) && (power<=22))
  {
    stbsp__ddmulthi(ph,pl,d,stbsp__bot[power]);
  }
  else
  {
    stbsp__int32 e,et,eb;
    double p2h,p2l;

    e=power; if (power<0) e=-e; 
    et = (e*0x2c9)>>14;/* %23 */ if (et>13) et=13; eb = e-(et*23);

    ph = d; pl = 0.0;
    if (power<0)
    {
      if (eb) { --eb; stbsp__ddmulthi(ph,pl,d,stbsp__negbot[eb]); stbsp__ddmultlos(ph,pl,d,stbsp__negboterr[eb]); }
      if (et)
      { 
        stbsp__ddrenorm(ph,pl);
        --et; stbsp__ddmulthi(p2h,p2l,ph,stbsp__negtop[et]); stbsp__ddmultlo(p2h,p2l,ph,pl,stbsp__negtop[et],stbsp__negtoperr[et]); ph=p2h;pl=p2l;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      if (eb) 
      { 
        e = eb; if (eb>22) eb=22; e -= eb;
        stbsp__ddmulthi(ph,pl,d,stbsp__bot[eb]); 
        if ( e ) { stbsp__ddrenorm(ph,pl); stbsp__ddmulthi(p2h,p2l,ph,stbsp__bot[e]); stbsp__ddmultlos(p2h,p2l,stbsp__bot[e],pl); ph=p2h;pl=p2l; }
      }
      if (et)
      {
        stbsp__ddrenorm(ph,pl);
        --et; stbsp__ddmulthi(p2h,p2l,ph,stbsp__top[et]); stbsp__ddmultlo(p2h,p2l,ph,pl,stbsp__top[et],stbsp__toperr[et]); ph=p2h;pl=p2l;
      }
    }
  }
  stbsp__ddrenorm(ph,pl);
  *ohi = ph; *olo = pl;
}

// given a float value, returns the significant bits in bits, and the position of the
//   decimal point in decimal_pos.  +/-INF and NAN are specified by special values
//   returned in the decimal_pos parameter.
// frac_digits is absolute normally, but if you want from first significant digits (got %g and %e), or in 0x80000000
static stbsp__int32 stbsp__real_to_str( char const * * start, stbsp__uint32 * len, char *out, stbsp__int32 * decimal_pos, double value, stbsp__uint32 frac_digits )
{
  double d;
  stbsp__int64 bits = 0;
  stbsp__int32 expo, e, ng, tens;

  d = value;
  STBSP__COPYFP(bits,d);
  expo = (stbsp__int32) ((bits >> 52) & 2047);
  ng = (stbsp__int32)(bits >> 63);
  if (ng) d=-d;

  if ( expo == 2047 ) // is nan or inf?
  {
    *start = (bits&((((stbsp__uint64)1)<<52)-1)) ? "NaN" : "Inf";
    *decimal_pos =  STBSP__SPECIAL;
    *len = 3;
    return ng;
  } 

  if ( expo == 0 ) // is zero or denormal
  {
    if ((bits<<1)==0) // do zero
    {
      *decimal_pos = 1; 
      *start = out;
      out[0] = '0'; *len = 1;
      return ng;
    }
    // find the right expo for denormals
    {
      stbsp__int64 v = ((stbsp__uint64)1)<<51;
      while ((bits&v)==0) { --expo; v >>= 1; }
    }
  }

  // find the decimal exponent as well as the decimal bits of the value
  {
    double ph,pl;

    // log10 estimate - very specifically tweaked to hit or undershoot by no more than 1 of log10 of all expos 1..2046
    tens=expo-1023; tens = (tens<0)?((tens*617)/2048):(((tens*1233)/4096)+1);

    // move the significant bits into position and stick them into an int 
    stbsp__raise_to_power10( &ph, &pl, d, 18-tens );

    // get full as much precision from double-double as possible
    stbsp__ddtoS64( bits, ph,pl );

    // check if we undershot
    if ( ((stbsp__uint64)bits) >= stbsp__tento19th ) ++tens; 
  }

  // now do the rounding in integer land
  frac_digits = ( frac_digits & 0x80000000 ) ? ( (frac_digits&0x7ffffff) + 1 ) : ( tens + frac_digits );
  if ( ( frac_digits < 24 ) )
  {
    stbsp__uint32 dg = 1; if ((stbsp__uint64)bits >= stbsp__powten[9] ) dg=10; while( (stbsp__uint64)bits >= stbsp__powten[dg] ) { ++dg; if (dg==20) goto noround; }
    if ( frac_digits < dg )
    {
      stbsp__uint64 r;
      // add 0.5 at the right position and round
      e = dg - frac_digits;
      if ( (stbsp__uint32)e >= 24 ) goto noround;
      r = stbsp__powten[e];
      bits = bits + (r/2);
      if ( (stbsp__uint64)bits >= stbsp__powten[dg] ) ++tens;
      bits /= r;
    } 
    noround:;
  }

  // kill long trailing runs of zeros
  if ( bits )
  {
    stbsp__uint32 n;
    for(;;) { if ( bits<=0xffffffff ) break; if (bits%1000) goto donez; bits/=1000; }
    n = (stbsp__uint32)bits;
    while ((n%1000)==0) n/=1000;
    bits=n;
    donez:;
  }

  // convert to string
  out += 64;
  e = 0; 
  for(;;)
  {
    stbsp__uint32 n;
    char * o = out-8;
    // do the conversion in chunks of U32s (avoid most 64-bit divides, worth it, constant denomiators be damned)
    if (bits>=100000000) { n = (stbsp__uint32)( bits % 100000000);  bits /= 100000000; } else {n = (stbsp__uint32)bits; bits = 0; }
    while(n) { out-=2; *(stbsp__uint16*)out=*(stbsp__uint16*)&stbsp__digitpair[(n%100)*2]; n/=100; e+=2; }
    if (bits==0) { if ((e) && (out[0]=='0')) { ++out; --e; } break; }
    while( out!=o ) { *--out ='0'; ++e; }
  }
  
  *decimal_pos = tens;
  *start = out;
  *len = e;
  return ng;
}

#undef stbsp__ddmulthi
#undef stbsp__ddrenorm
#undef stbsp__ddmultlo
#undef stbsp__ddmultlos
#undef STBSP__SPECIAL
#undef STBSP__COPYFP

#endif // STB_SPRINTF_NOFLOAT

// clean up
#undef stbsp__uint16
#undef stbsp__uint32
#undef stbsp__int32
#undef stbsp__uint64
#undef stbsp__int64
#undef STBSP__UNALIGNED

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ini.h v1.1 | IMPLEMENTATION
// Simple ini-file reader for C/C++.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define INITIAL_CAPACITY (256)

#define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stddef.h>

#ifndef DQN_INI_MALLOC
	#define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
	#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#define DQN_INI_MALLOC(ctx, size) (malloc(size))
	#define DQN_INI_FREE(ctx, ptr) (free(ptr))
#endif

#ifndef DQN_INI_MEMCPY
	#define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
	#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
	#include <string.h>
	#define DQN_INI_MEMCPY(dst, src, cnt) (memcpy(dst, src, cnt))
#endif

#ifndef DQN_INI_STRLEN
	#define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
	#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
	#include <string.h>
	#define DQN_INI_STRLEN(s) (strlen(s))
#endif

#ifndef DQN_INI_STRICMP
	#ifdef _WIN32
		#define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
		#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
		#include <string.h>
		#define DQN_INI_STRICMP(s1, s2) ( _stricmp(s1, s2))
	#else
		#include <string.h>
		#define DQN_INI_STRICMP(s1, s2) (strcasecmp(s1, s2))
	#endif
#endif

struct dqn_ini_internal_section_t
{
	char name[32];
	char *name_large;
};

struct dqn_ini_internal_property_t
{
	int section;
	char name[32];
	char *name_large;
	char value[64];
	char *value_large;
};

struct DqnIni
{
	struct dqn_ini_internal_section_t *sections;
	int section_capacity;
	int section_count;

	struct dqn_ini_internal_property_t *properties;
	int property_capacity;
	int property_count;

	void *memctx;
};

static int DqnIni_InternalPropertyIndex(DqnIni const *ini, int section,
                                           int property)
{
	int i;
	int p;

	if (ini && section >= 0 && section < ini->section_count)
	{
		p = 0;
		for (i = 0; i < ini->property_count; ++i)
		{
			if (ini->properties[i].section == section)
			{
				if (p == property) return i;
				++p;
			}
		}
	}

	return DQN_INI_NOT_FOUND;
}

DqnIni *DqnInit_Create(void *memctx)
{
	DqnIni *ini;

	ini           = (DqnIni *)DQN_INI_MALLOC(memctx, sizeof(DqnIni));
	ini->memctx   = memctx;
	ini->sections = (struct dqn_ini_internal_section_t *)DQN_INI_MALLOC(
	    ini->memctx, INITIAL_CAPACITY * sizeof(ini->sections[0]));
	ini->section_capacity       = INITIAL_CAPACITY;
	ini->section_count          = 1; /* global section */
	ini->sections[0].name[0]    = '\0';
	ini->sections[0].name_large = 0;
	ini->properties = (struct dqn_ini_internal_property_t *)DQN_INI_MALLOC(
	    ini->memctx, INITIAL_CAPACITY * sizeof(ini->properties[0]));
	ini->property_capacity = INITIAL_CAPACITY;
	ini->property_count    = 0;
	return ini;
}

DqnIni *DqnIni_Load(char const *data, void *memctx)
{
	DqnIni *ini;
	char const *ptr;
	int s;
	char const *start;
	char const *start2;
	int l;

	ini = DqnInit_Create(memctx);

	ptr = data;
	if (ptr)
	{
		s = 0;
		while (*ptr)
		{
			/* trim leading whitespace */
			while (*ptr && *ptr <= ' ')
				++ptr;

			/* done? */
			if (!*ptr) break;

			/* comment */
			else if (*ptr == ';')
			{
				while (*ptr && *ptr != '\n')
					++ptr;
			}
			/* section */
			else if (*ptr == '[')
			{
				++ptr;
				start = ptr;
				while (*ptr && *ptr != ']' && *ptr != '\n')
					++ptr;

				if (*ptr == ']')
				{
					s = DqnIni_SectionAdd(ini, start, (int)(ptr - start));
					++ptr;
				}
			}
			/* property */
			else
			{
				start = ptr;
				while (*ptr && *ptr != '=' && *ptr != '\n')
					++ptr;

				if (*ptr == '=')
				{
					l = (int)(ptr - start);
					++ptr;
					while (*ptr && *ptr <= ' ' && *ptr != '\n')
						ptr++;
					start2 = ptr;
					while (*ptr && *ptr != '\n')
						++ptr;
					while (*(--ptr) <= ' ')
						(void)ptr;
					ptr++;
					DqnIni_PropertyAdd(ini, s, start, l, start2,
					                     (int)(ptr - start2));
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return ini;
}

int DqnIni_Save(DqnIni const *ini, char *data, int size)
{
	int s;
	int p;
	int i;
	int l;
	char *n;
	int pos;

	if (ini)
	{
		pos = 0;
		for (s = 0; s < ini->section_count; ++s)
		{
			n = ini->sections[s].name_large ? ini->sections[s].name_large
			                                : ini->sections[s].name;
			l = (int)DQN_INI_STRLEN(n);
			if (l > 0)
			{
				if (data && pos < size) data[pos] = '[';
				++pos;
				for (i = 0; i < l; ++i)
				{
					if (data && pos < size) data[pos] = n[i];
					++pos;
				}
				if (data && pos < size) data[pos] = ']';
				++pos;
				if (data && pos < size) data[pos] = '\n';
				++pos;
			}

			for (p = 0; p < ini->property_count; ++p)
			{
				if (ini->properties[p].section == s)
				{
					n = ini->properties[p].name_large
					        ? ini->properties[p].name_large
					        : ini->properties[p].name;
					l = (int)DQN_INI_STRLEN(n);
					for (i = 0; i < l; ++i)
					{
						if (data && pos < size) data[pos] = n[i];
						++pos;
					}
					if (data && pos < size) data[pos] = '=';
					++pos;
					n = ini->properties[p].value_large
					        ? ini->properties[p].value_large
					        : ini->properties[p].value;
					l = (int)DQN_INI_STRLEN(n);
					for (i = 0; i < l; ++i)
					{
						if (data && pos < size) data[pos] = n[i];
						++pos;
					}
					if (data && pos < size) data[pos] = '\n';
					++pos;
				}
			}

			if (pos > 0)
			{
				if (data && pos < size) data[pos] = '\n';
				++pos;
			}
		}

		if (data && pos < size) data[pos] = '\0';
		++pos;

		return pos;
	}

	return 0;
}

void DqnIni_Destroy(DqnIni *ini)
{
	int i;

	if (ini)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < ini->property_count; ++i)
		{
			if (ini->properties[i].value_large)
				DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->properties[i].value_large);
			if (ini->properties[i].name_large)
				DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->properties[i].name_large);
		}
		for (i = 0; i < ini->section_count; ++i)
			if (ini->sections[i].name_large)
				DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->sections[i].name_large);
		DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->properties);
		DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->sections);
		DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini);
	}
}

int DqnIni_SectionCount(DqnIni const *ini)
{
	if (ini) return ini->section_count;
	return 0;
}

char const *DqnIni_SectionName(DqnIni const *ini, int section)
{
	if (ini && section >= 0 && section < ini->section_count)
		return ini->sections[section].name_large
		           ? ini->sections[section].name_large
		           : ini->sections[section].name;

	return NULL;
}

int DqnIni_PropertyCount(DqnIni const *ini, int section)
{
	int i;
	int count;

	if (ini)
	{
		count = 0;
		for (i = 0; i < ini->property_count; ++i)
		{
			if (ini->properties[i].section == section) ++count;
		}
		return count;
	}

	return 0;
}

char const *DqnIni_PropertyName(DqnIni const *ini, int section, int property)
{
	int p;

	if (ini && section >= 0 && section < ini->section_count)
	{
		p = DqnIni_InternalPropertyIndex(ini, section, property);
		if (p != DQN_INI_NOT_FOUND)
			return ini->properties[p].name_large ? ini->properties[p].name_large
			                                     : ini->properties[p].name;
	}

	return NULL;
}

char const *DqnIni_PropertyValue(DqnIni const *ini, int section, int property)
{
	int p;

	if (ini && section >= 0 && section < ini->section_count)
	{
		p = DqnIni_InternalPropertyIndex(ini, section, property);
		if (p != DQN_INI_NOT_FOUND)
			return ini->properties[p].value_large
			           ? ini->properties[p].value_large
			           : ini->properties[p].value;
	}

	return NULL;
}

int DqnIni_FindSection(DqnIni const *ini, char const *name, int name_length)
{
	int i;

	if (ini && name)
	{
		if (name_length <= 0) name_length = (int)DQN_INI_STRLEN(name);
		for (i = 0; i < ini->section_count; ++i)
		{
			char const *const other = ini->sections[i].name_large
			                              ? ini->sections[i].name_large
			                              : ini->sections[i].name;
			if ((int)DQN_INI_STRLEN(other) == name_length &&
			    DQN_INI_STRICMP(name, other) == 0)
				return i;
		}
	}

	return DQN_INI_NOT_FOUND;
}

int DqnIni_FindProperty(DqnIni const *ini, int section, char const *name,
                          int name_length)
{
	int i;
	int c;

	if (ini && name && section >= 0 && section < ini->section_count)
	{
		if (name_length <= 0) name_length = (int)DQN_INI_STRLEN(name);
		c                                 = 0;
		for (i = 0; i < ini->property_capacity; ++i)
		{
			if (ini->properties[i].section == section)
			{
				char const *const other = ini->properties[i].name_large
				                              ? ini->properties[i].name_large
				                              : ini->properties[i].name;
				if ((int)DQN_INI_STRLEN(other) == name_length &&
				    DQN_INI_STRICMP(name, other) == 0)
					return c;
				++c;
			}
		}
	}

	return DQN_INI_NOT_FOUND;
}

int DqnIni_SectionAdd(DqnIni *ini, char const *name, int length)
{
	struct dqn_ini_internal_section_t *new_sections;

	if (ini && name)
	{
		if (length <= 0) length = (int)DQN_INI_STRLEN(name);
		if (ini->section_count >= ini->section_capacity)
		{
			ini->section_capacity *= 2;
			new_sections = (struct dqn_ini_internal_section_t *)DQN_INI_MALLOC(
			    ini->memctx, ini->section_capacity * sizeof(ini->sections[0]));
			DQN_INI_MEMCPY(new_sections, ini->sections,
			               ini->section_count * sizeof(ini->sections[0]));
			DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->sections);
			ini->sections = new_sections;
		}

		ini->sections[ini->section_count].name_large = 0;
		if (length + 1 >= sizeof(ini->sections[0].name))
		{
			ini->sections[ini->section_count].name_large =
			    (char *)DQN_INI_MALLOC(ini->memctx, (size_t)length + 1);
			DQN_INI_MEMCPY(ini->sections[ini->section_count].name_large, name,
			               (size_t)length);
			ini->sections[ini->section_count].name_large[length] = '\0';
		}
		else
		{
			DQN_INI_MEMCPY(ini->sections[ini->section_count].name, name,
			               (size_t)length);
			ini->sections[ini->section_count].name[length] = '\0';
		}

		return ini->section_count++;
	}
	return DQN_INI_NOT_FOUND;
}

void DqnIni_PropertyAdd(DqnIni *ini, int section, char const *name,
                          int name_length, char const *value, int value_length)
{
	struct dqn_ini_internal_property_t *new_properties;

	if (ini && name && section >= 0 && section < ini->section_count)
	{
		if (name_length <= 0) name_length   = (int)DQN_INI_STRLEN(name);
		if (value_length <= 0) value_length = (int)DQN_INI_STRLEN(value);

		if (ini->property_count >= ini->property_capacity)
		{

			ini->property_capacity *= 2;
			new_properties =
			    (struct dqn_ini_internal_property_t *)DQN_INI_MALLOC(
			        ini->memctx,
			        ini->property_capacity * sizeof(ini->properties[0]));
			DQN_INI_MEMCPY(new_properties, ini->properties,
			               ini->property_count * sizeof(ini->properties[0]));
			DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->properties);
			ini->properties = new_properties;
		}

		ini->properties[ini->property_count].section     = section;
		ini->properties[ini->property_count].name_large  = 0;
		ini->properties[ini->property_count].value_large = 0;

		if (name_length + 1 >= sizeof(ini->properties[0].name))
		{
			ini->properties[ini->property_count].name_large =
			    (char *)DQN_INI_MALLOC(ini->memctx, (size_t)name_length + 1);
			DQN_INI_MEMCPY(ini->properties[ini->property_count].name_large,
			               name, (size_t)name_length);
			ini->properties[ini->property_count].name_large[name_length] = '\0';
		}
		else
		{
			DQN_INI_MEMCPY(ini->properties[ini->property_count].name, name,
			               (size_t)name_length);
			ini->properties[ini->property_count].name[name_length] = '\0';
		}

		if (value_length + 1 >= sizeof(ini->properties[0].value))
		{
			ini->properties[ini->property_count].value_large =
			    (char *)DQN_INI_MALLOC(ini->memctx, (size_t)value_length + 1);
			DQN_INI_MEMCPY(ini->properties[ini->property_count].value_large,
			               value, (size_t)value_length);
			ini->properties[ini->property_count].value_large[value_length] =
			    '\0';
		}
		else
		{
			DQN_INI_MEMCPY(ini->properties[ini->property_count].value, value,
			               (size_t)value_length);
			ini->properties[ini->property_count].value[value_length] = '\0';
		}

		++ini->property_count;
	}
}

void DqnIni_SectionRemove(DqnIni *ini, int section)
{
	int p;

	if (ini && section >= 0 && section < ini->section_count)
	{
		if (ini->sections[section].name_large)
			DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->sections[section].name_large);
		for (p = ini->property_count - 1; p >= 0; --p)
		{
			if (ini->properties[p].section == section)
			{
				if (ini->properties[p].value_large)
					DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->properties[p].value_large);
				if (ini->properties[p].name_large)
					DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->properties[p].name_large);
				ini->properties[p] = ini->properties[--ini->property_count];
			}
		}

		ini->sections[section] = ini->sections[--ini->section_count];

		for (p = 0; p < ini->property_count; ++p)
		{
			if (ini->properties[p].section == ini->section_count)
				ini->properties[p].section = section;
		}
	}
}

void DqnIni_PropertyRemove(DqnIni *ini, int section, int property)
{
	int p;

	if (ini && section >= 0 && section < ini->section_count)
	{
		p = DqnIni_InternalPropertyIndex(ini, section, property);
		if (p != DQN_INI_NOT_FOUND)
		{
			if (ini->properties[p].value_large)
				DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->properties[p].value_large);
			if (ini->properties[p].name_large)
				DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->properties[p].name_large);
			ini->properties[p] = ini->properties[--ini->property_count];
			return;
		}
	}
}

void DqnIni_SectionNameSet(DqnIni *ini, int section, char const *name,
                              int length)
{
	if (ini && name && section >= 0 && section < ini->section_count)
	{
		if (length <= 0) length = (int)DQN_INI_STRLEN(name);
		if (ini->sections[section].name_large)
			DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->sections[section].name_large);
		ini->sections[section].name_large = 0;

		if (length + 1 >= sizeof(ini->sections[0].name))
		{
			ini->sections[section].name_large =
			    (char *)DQN_INI_MALLOC(ini->memctx, (size_t)length + 1);
			DQN_INI_MEMCPY(ini->sections[section].name_large, name,
			               (size_t)length);
			ini->sections[section].name_large[length] = '\0';
		}
		else
		{
			DQN_INI_MEMCPY(ini->sections[section].name, name, (size_t)length);
			ini->sections[section].name[length] = '\0';
		}
	}
}

void DqnIni_PropertyNameSet(DqnIni *ini, int section, int property,
                               char const *name, int length)
{
	int p;

	if (ini && name && section >= 0 && section < ini->section_count)
	{
		if (length <= 0) length = (int)DQN_INI_STRLEN(name);
		p = DqnIni_InternalPropertyIndex(ini, section, property);
		if (p != DQN_INI_NOT_FOUND)
		{
			if (ini->properties[p].name_large)
				DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->properties[p].name_large);
			ini->properties[ini->property_count].name_large = 0;

			if (length + 1 >= sizeof(ini->properties[0].name))
			{
				ini->properties[p].name_large =
				    (char *)DQN_INI_MALLOC(ini->memctx, (size_t)length + 1);
				DQN_INI_MEMCPY(ini->properties[p].name_large, name,
				               (size_t)length);
				ini->properties[p].name_large[length] = '\0';
			}
			else
			{
				DQN_INI_MEMCPY(ini->properties[p].name, name, (size_t)length);
				ini->properties[p].name[length] = '\0';
			}
		}
	}
}

void DqnIni_PropertyValueSet(DqnIni *ini, int section, int property,
                                char const *value, int length)
{
	int p;

	if (ini && value && section >= 0 && section < ini->section_count)
	{
		if (length <= 0) length = (int)DQN_INI_STRLEN(value);
		p = DqnIni_InternalPropertyIndex(ini, section, property);
		if (p != DQN_INI_NOT_FOUND)
		{
			if (ini->properties[p].value_large)
				DQN_INI_FREE(ini->memctx, ini->properties[p].value_large);
			ini->properties[ini->property_count].value_large = 0;

			if (length + 1 >= sizeof(ini->properties[0].value))
			{
				ini->properties[p].value_large =
				    (char *)DQN_INI_MALLOC(ini->memctx, (size_t)length + 1);
				DQN_INI_MEMCPY(ini->properties[p].name_large, value,
				               (size_t)length);
				ini->properties[p].value_large[length] = '\0';
			}
			else
			{
				DQN_INI_MEMCPY(ini->properties[p].value, value, (size_t)length);
				ini->properties[p].name[length] = '\0';
			}
		}
	}
}

#endif /* DQN_IMPLEMENTATION */
